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Old Permic Abur 𐍐𐍝𐍑𐍣‎𐍠‎
Komi-Zyryan alphabet, created by St. Stephen of Perm. The alphabet is transposed with the names in Cyrillic and the modern Komi alphabet.
Script type	alphabet
Time period	1372–17th century
Direction	Left-to-right
Languages	Komi
Related scripts
Parent systems	Phoenician Greek Cyrillic Old Permic Abur
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Perm (227), ​Old Permic
Unicode
Unicode alias	Old Permic
Unicode range	U+10350–U+1037F Final Accepted Script Proposal

The Old Permic script (Komi: Важ Перым гижӧм, 𐍮‎𐍐𐍕 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍨𐍜 𐍒𐍙𐍕𐍞𐍜‎, Važ Perym gižöm), sometimes known by its initial two characters as Abur or Anbur, is a "highly idiosyncratic adaptation" of the Cyrillic script once used to write medieval Komi (a member of the Permic branch of Finno-Ugric languages).

History

The script was introduced by a Russian missionary, Stephen of Perm, in 1372. The name Abur is derived from the names of the first two characters: An and Bur. The script derived from Cyrillic and Greek, with Komi "Tamga" signs, the latter being similar in the appearance to runes or siglas poveiras because they were created by incisions rather than by usual writing. The inclusion of the latter aided the script to greater acceptance among the medieval Permic speakers of the time.

The script was in use until the 17th century, when it was superseded by the Cyrillic script. Abur was also used as cryptographic writing for the Russian language.

April 26, which is the feast day of Stephen of Perm, is celebrated as Old Permic Alphabet Day.

Significance

The Abur inscriptions are among the oldest relics of the Uralic languages. Only one of them has earlier documents: Hungarian, which had been written using the Old Hungarian script first before the Latin script was used after 1000.

For comparison, an isolated birch bark letter, found in Novgorod and written in Cyrillic in a Finnic language, has been dated to the beginning of the 13th century and Finnish as a written language appeared only after the Reformation in 1543.

Characters

Lytkin's 1952 work is often considered the authoritative source of documentation for this script. There are 24 primary characters, along with 10 secondary characters that are subordinate to the primary characters. There are also some combining marks that may have been used for phonological purposes, in addition to some combining letters from Latin and Cyrillic that have been found as well. Spaces, middle dots, and semi-apostrophes have also been seen as punctuation in documents. A Cyrillic combining titlo is used to indicate numerals.

Unicode

Old Permic (U+10350–1037F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

References

1. ^ Everson, Michael (2012-04-26). "N4263: Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
2. Bernard Comrie, 1996. "Adaptations of the Cyrillic Alphabet". In Daniels & Bright, The World's Writing Systems, p. 700.
3. Лыткин, В. И. 1952. Древнепермский язык: чтение текстов, грамматика, словарь. Москва

External links

• "Abur at Minority languages of Russia on the Net" (in Russian).
• "Abur". Omniglot.com.

• Alphabets
• 1372 introductions
• Obsolete writing systems
• Komi language
• Writing systems introduced in the 14th century