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Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia.

Classification

Immune

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    • Idiopathic
    • Linked with primary immunodeficiency/immunodysregulation syndrome.
    • Lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated.
    • Secondary to other malignancies.
    • Associated with SLE or other collagen-vascular disorders.
    • Secondary to viral infection.
  • Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
  • Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
    • Rh disease (Rh D)
    • ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
    • Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
    • Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
    • Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
    • Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others)
  • Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (i.e., from a non-compatible blood type)

Non-immune

• Traumatic hemolytic anemia
  • Impact
  • Macrovascular defects-prostheses
  • Microvascular causes
    • Disseminated intravascular hemolysis
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
    • Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
    • Other microvascular abnormalities
  • Hypersplenism
  • Hemolytic anemia due to toxic effects on the membrane
    • Spur cell anemia
    • External toxins
      • Animal or spider bites
      • Metals
      • Organic compounds
    • Infectious agents
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

History

The term 'acquired hemolytic anemia' originally appeared in the early 1900s.

References

1. ^ Arnold, Dm; Nazi, I; Moore, Jc; Heddle, Nm; Kelton, Jg (2011). "Acquired hemolytic anemia". Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology. Elsevier. p. 157–172. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3147-2.00010-9. ISBN 978-0-7020-3147-2.
2. ^ Kalfa, Theodosia A. (2019). "Acquired Hemolytic Anemias". Concise Guide to Hematology. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 67–79. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97873-4_9. ISBN 978-3-319-97872-7.
3. MACK, P; FREEDMAN, J (2000). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A history*". Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 14 (3). Elsevier BV: 223–233. doi:10.1053/tm.2000.7392. ISSN 0887-7963.

Further reading

• Frewin, Rebecca (2014). "Biochemical aspects of anaemia". Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5140-1.00027-4. ISBN 978-0-7020-5140-1.

External links

• Acquired hemolytic anemia