| Adad-Nirari | |
|---|---|
| Reign | 45+ regnal years 14th century BC |
| Consort | Pizallum |
Adad-Nirari or H̱addu-Nirari, was a king of Qatna in the 14th century BC.
Reign
Adad-Nirari is an Akkadian name. The king reigned for 45 years in the 14th century BC, and was mentioned in the inventories of Ninegal, found in Qatna. A tablet from Qatna records him stationing an army of chariot archers in the city of Tukad, in Mount Lebanon. The name of his queen was Pizallum.
Theories
Identity
Michael Astour suggested identifying Adad-Nirari with Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše; a hypothesis supported by Thomas Richter, who believes that Adad-Nirari ruled Qatna through a šakkanakku (military governor) called Lullu, citing that the latter's name appears in the Qatanite inventories at the time of Adad-Nirari. According to Richter, Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše ruled the second Syrian power after Mitanni, and was removed by the Hittites which gave Qatna its independence back .
This theory is debated; the Shattiwaza treaty between Mitanni and the Hittites mentioned Qatna independently from Nuhašše during the Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I's first Syrian war; If Qatna was part of the Nuhaššite kingdom, its submission to the Hittites would not have been mentioned separately. Jacques Freu rejected Richter's hypothesis; citing different arguments, he concluded that Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše was a contemporary of Idadnda of Qatna who ruled during the first Syrian war, a successor of the Qatanite Adad-Nirari.
References
Citations
- Novák 2004, p. 312.
- Van Soldt 2004, p. 19.
- Freu 2009, p. 19.
- ^ Pfälzner 2007, p. 34.
- Gromova 2012, p. 2.
- Richter 2008, p. 195.
- Roßberger 2014, p. 204.
- Gromova 2007, p. 300.
- Richter 2005, p. 124.
- Richter 2008, p. 196.
- Gromova 2007, p. 301.
- Gromova 2007, p. 302.
- Freu 2009, p. 21.
Sources
- Freu, Jacques (2009). Al-Maqdissi, Michel (ed.). "Qatna et les Hittites". Studia Orontica (in French). 6. la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie. OCLC 717465740.
- Gromova, Daria (2007). "Hittite Role In Political History of Syria In the Amarna Age Reconsidered". Ugarit-Forschungen. 39. Ugarit-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-001-2.
- Gromova, Daria (2012). Kogan, Leonid (ed.). "Idanda Archive and the Syrian Campaigns of SuppiluliumaI: New Pieces for the Puzzle". Babel und Bibel. 6. Eisenbrauns. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5gx.19. ISBN 978-1-575-06228-0.
- Novák, Mirko (2004). "The Chronology of the Royal Palace of Qatna". Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant. 14. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISSN 1015-5104.
- Pfälzner, Peter (2007). "Archaeological Investigations in the Royal Palace of Qatna". In Morandi Bonacossi, Daniele (ed.). Urban and Natural Landscapes of an Ancient Syrian Capital. Settlement and Environment at Tell Mishrifeh/Qatna and in Central-Western Syria (Proceedings of the International Conference held in Udine9-11 December 2004). Studi archeologici su Qatna. Vol. 1. Forum Editrice Universitaria Udinese. ISBN 978-88-8420-418-9.
- Richter, Thomas (2005). "Qatna in the Late Bronze Age: Preliminary Remarks". In Owen, David I.; Wilhelm, Gernot (eds.). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1. Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Vol. 15. CDL Press. ISBN 978-1-883-05389-5. ISSN 1080-9686.
- Richter, Thomas (2008). "Šuppiluliumas I. in Syrien. Der 'Einjährige Feldzug' und Seine Folgen". In Wilhelm, Gernot (ed.). Ḫattuša-Boğazköy. Das Hethiterreich im Spannungsfeld des Alten Orients. Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Vol. 6. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05855-1.
- Roßberger, Elisa (2014). Pfälzner, Peter (ed.). "Things to Remember – Jewellery, Collective Identity and Memory at the Royal Tomb of Qaṭna". Qaṭna Studien Supplementa: Übergreifende und vergleichende Forschungsaktivitäten des Qaṭna-Projekts der Universität Tübingen. 3: Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of a Workshop at the London 7th ICAANE in April 2010 and an International Symposium in Tübingen in November 2010, both Organised by the Tübingen Post-Graduate School „Symbols of the Dead“. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10237-7. ISSN 2195-4305.
- Van Soldt, Wilfred H. (2004). "De mazzel" en Andere Zaken: de Verspreiding van de Mesopotamische Cultuur na 1500 v.Chr (Inaugural lecture: 20 Jan. 2004) (in Dutch). Universiteit Leiden. OCLC 66587912.