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Indian Coast Guard
Indian Coast Guard crest
Racing stripe
Ensign
Abbreviation	ICG
Motto	वयम् रक्षामः (Sanskrit) Vayam Rakṣāmaḥ (ISO) We Protect
Agency overview
Formed	18 August 1978 (1978-08-18)
Employees	13,842 sanctioned strength (2018–19)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction	India
Constituting instrument	The Coast Guard Act, 1978
Specialist jurisdiction	Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.
Operational structure
Headquarters	Indian Coast Guard Headquarters, New Delhi
Agency executive	S Paramesh, Director General
Parent agency	Ministry of Defence
Facilities
Boats	3 pollution control vessels 25 offshore patrol vessels 43 fast patrol vessels 82 patrol boats 28 patrol craft 14 hovercraft 06 Aux barge
Planes	77 aircraft
Notables
Anniversary	Coast Guard Day: 1 February
Website
indiancoastguard.gov.in

The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is a maritime law enforcement and search and rescue agency of India with jurisdiction over its territorial waters including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. It was started on 1 February 1977 and formally established on 18 August 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India. It operates under the Ministry of Defence.

The Coast Guard works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs), and the Coastal Police of the State Police Forces, and the Central Armed Police Forces.

History

The establishment of the Indian Coast Guard was first proposed by the Indian Navy to provide non-military maritime services to the nation. In the 1960s, sea-borne smuggling of goods was threatening India's domestic economy. The Indian Customs Department frequently called upon the Indian Navy for assistance with patrol and interception in the anti-smuggling effort.

The Nagchaudhuri Committee was constituted with participation from the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force to study the problem. In August 1971, the committee identified the requirement to patrol India's vast coastline, set up a registry of offshore fishing vessels to identify illegal activity, and establish a capable and well-equipped force to intercept vessels engaged in illegal activities. The committee also looked at the number and nature of the equipment, infrastructure and personnel required to provide those services.

By 1973, India had started a programme to acquire the equipment and started deputing personnel from the Indian Navy for these anti-smuggling and law enforcement tasks, under the provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act. The Indian Navy sensed that the law enforcement nature of these duties diverged from its core mission as a military service. Admiral Sourendra Nath Kohli, then Chief of Naval Staff, hence made a recommendation to the Defence Secretary outlining the need for a separate maritime service to undertake those duties and offering the Navy's assistance in its establishment. On 31 August 1974, the Defence Secretary submitted a note to the Cabinet Secretary proposing cabinet action on Admiral Kohli's recommendation.

As a result, in September 1974, the Indian cabinet set up the Rustamji Committee, under the chairmanship of Khusro Faramurz Rustamji, with participation from the Navy, the Air Force and the Department of Revenue to examine gaps in security and law enforcement between the roles of the Indian Navy and the central and state police forces. The discovery of oil off Bombay High further emphasised the need for a maritime law enforcement and protection service. The committee submitted its recommendation for the establishment of the Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of Defence on 31 July 1975. Bureaucratic wrangling followed, with the Cabinet Secretary making a recommendation to place the service under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi overruled the Cabinet Secretary and decided to accept the original recommendation of the Rustamji Committee to place the service under the Ministry of Defence.

An interim Indian Coast Guard came into being on 1 February 1977, equipped with two small corvettes and five patrol boats transferred from the Navy. The duties and functions of the service were formally defined in the Coast Guard Act, which was passed by India's parliament on 18 August 1978 and came into immediate effect.

Vice Admiral V. A. Kamath of the Indian Navy was appointed the founding Director-General. Prime Minister Morarji Desai inspected the Guard of Honour at the service's inauguration. Vice Admiral Kamath proposed a five-year plan to develop the ICG into a potent force by 1984, but the full potential of this plan was not immediately realised due to an economic resource crunch.

One of the historic operational successes of the ICG occurred in October 1999, with the recapture at high seas of a Panamanian-registered Japanese cargo ship, MV Alondra Rainbow, hijacked off Indonesia. Her crew were rescued off Phuket, Thailand. The ship had been repainted as MV Mega Rama, and was spotted off Kochi, heading towards Pakistan. She was chased by ICGS Tarabai and INS Prahar (K98) of the Indian Navy and apprehended. It was the first successful prosecution of armed pirates in over a century.

The Indian Coast Guard conducts exercises with the other coast guards of the world. In May 2005, the ICG agreed to establish liaison links with the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA). In 2006, the Indian Coast Guard conducted exercises with its Japanese and Korean counterparts.

After the 2008 Mumbai attacks in which the terrorists entered India from Pakistan via the sea-route, the Indian government initiated a program to expand the ICG force, assets and infrastructure for enhanced protection and surveillance of Indian waters.

The force had aimed to have 200 ships and 100 twin-engined aircraft by 2023 in its fleet.

Present scenario

Current role

The Indian Coast Guard's motto is "वयम रक्षामः" (Vayam Rakshamah), which translates from Sanskrit as "We Protect".

Missions of Indian Coast Guard:

• Safety and protection of artificial islands, offshore terminals and other installations
• Protection and assistance to fishermen and mariners at sea
• Preservation and protection of marine ecology and environment including pollution control
• Assistance to the Department of Customs and other authorities in anti-smuggling operations
• Law enforcement in territorial as well as international waters
• Scientific data collection and support
• National defence during hostilities (under the operational control of the Indian Navy)

Additional responsibilities of the Indian Coast Guard:

• Offshore Security Coordination Committee (OSCC) – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the Chairman of OSCC constituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), of which the Flag Officer Defence Advisory Group is a member.
• National Maritime Search and Rescue Coordinating Authority (NMSARCA) – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the NMSARCA for executing / coordinating search and rescue (SAR) missions
• Lead Intelligence Agency (LIA) – For coastal and sea borders
• Coastal Security – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the commander of coastal command and is responsible for overall coordination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security

Leadership and organisation

The Indian Coast Guard organisation is headed by the Director-General (DG ICG) who is located at Coast Guard Headquarters (CGHQ), New Delhi. At CGHQ, he is assisted by the Additional Director General Coast Guard (ADGCG) of the rank of ADG, four Deputy Director-Generals of the rank of Inspector-General, and other senior officers heading various staff divisions. The position is vacant since 18 August 2024 due to the death of Director General Rakesh Pal in harness. The rank of Director General is equivalent to a Vice Admiral of Indian Navy.

The Indian Coast Guard has the Western and Eastern Seaboard, both commanded by three-star officers designated Coast Guard Commander Western Seaboard and Coast Guard Commander Eastern Seaboard. The seaboards are in turn divided into four regions. A fifth region, Andaman & Nicobar Region reports directly to the DGICG. Each region is headed by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General. Each of the regions is further divided into multiple districts, typically covering a coastal state or a union territory.

As of 2023, the Indian Coast Guard operates:

• 42 Coast Guard Stations
• 5 Coast Guard Air Stations
• 10 Coast Guard Air Enclaves

Organisation

As of 2016, there are 42 Coast Guard stations which have been established along the coastline of the country.

Indian Coast Guard is responsible for the execution of Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in Indian Search and Rescue Region (ISRR). To serve this purpose, ICG operates 3 Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCC) in Mumbai, Chennai and Port Blair and 36 Maritime Rescue Sub Centres (MRSC/MRCSC), which operates under their respective MRCCs.

On 5 November 2024, the Indian Coast Guard and the Telecommunications Consultants India (TICL) laid foundation of a full-fledged "Tier-3" Data Centre at Mahipalpur, Delhi. The construction will take 2 years. The project worth ₹588 crore (US$70 million) (including 5-year operational expenditure (opex) and a 2-year hardware warranty) will be carried out by TCIL, Yotta Infrastructure and Attero, a software solution company. This will help ICG for Command and Control over their 109 offices and 88 ships at once.

Personnel

Officer rank structure

A table showing the rank structure of Coast Guard officers with those of the other Indian armed services.

Coast Guard officers

The naming of ranks of officers in the Coast Guard is as same as rank of Central Armed Police Forces. Officers are appointed in the Coast Guard in one of four branches, as either General-Duty officer, Pilot officer, Technical officer or Law officers. Lady Officers have two branches i.e. General-Duty Officer or Pilot Officer and serve on shore establishments/Air Stations/Headquarters. They are not deployed on board Indian Coast Guard ships.

Currently, officers of Indian Coast Guard undergo Basic Military Training at the Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala along with their counterparts of Indian Navy. This helps in the mutual interchange of Officers among these two sister services. While the Indian Coast Guard Academy is under construction in Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.

General-Duty Officers

The command of ships at sea can only be exercised by officers of the General-Duty (GD) branch. The key functions of a General-Duty Officer would be to operate weapons, sensors and different kinds of equipment on board a ship. The safety of the ship and the men would be GD officers responsibility. All the District Commanders (COMDIS) and Commander of Coast Guard Region (COMCG) appointments are exercised by a GD Officer of the Indian Coast Guard.

Pilot Officers

Pilot Officers are also part of GD branch. A Pilot Officer gets an opportunity to work at shore Air Stations along the Indian coasts and also embark ships. ICG operates fixed wing aircraft for surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone. In addition, helicopters are embarked on Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) to provide local surveillance and perform search and rescue mission at sea.

Technical Officers

Technical Officers are responsible for operation of advanced technology and sensor systems on board Coast Guard vessels and aircraft, as well as on shore installations. They also command the maintenance wings of the force.

Law Officers

Law Officers act as legal advisers to their respective commanders. They represent the Indian Coast Guard in legal actions filed by or against the organisation. They also perform the duties of trial law officers in Coast Guard courts, convened to try delinquent Coast Guard personnel. The Directorate of Law at Coast Guard Headquarters is headed by a Deputy Inspector-General and is designated as the Chief Law Officer. Section 115 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 deals with the qualifications necessary to be appointed as the Chief Law Officer of Indian Coast Guard. Section 116 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 defines the functions of the Chief Law Officer.

Enrolled personnel

Enrolled personnel in the Coast Guard serve as either a yantrik (technician) or navik (sailor).

• Yantriks are responsible for operating and maintaining mechanical, electrical or aeronautical equipment and systems on board the Coast Guard vessels and aircraft.
• Naviks may further serve in the General-Duty or Domestic branches. The General-Duty naviks serve as sailors, weapons systems operators, communication specialists, divers, etc. or in specific maritime or aviation support roles. Domestic branch naviks serve in roles such as stewards, cooks, etc. on board Coast Guard vessels.

Enrolled personnel of Indian Coast Guard are trained along with Indian Naval sailors at the naval training establishment INS Chilka. All training undertaken by Coast Guard personnel is the same as those undertaken by sailors in the Indian Navy. All personnel are trained in operation of weapons systems in cases of emergency.

Rank insignia

Commissioned officer ranks

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group	General/flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
Indian Coast Guard v t e
					Director general	Additional director general	Inspector general		Deputy inspector general (3-year seniority)		Deputy inspector general		Commandant	Commandant (Junior Grade)	Deputy commandant		Assistant commandant		Assistant commandant (under probation)			Assistant commandant (after phase II)

Other ranks

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

Rank group	Subordinate Officers (SOs)										Non commissioned officers																		Enlisted
Indian Coast Guard v t e																																			No insignia
	Pradhan Adhikari Pradhan Sahayak Engineer						Uttam Adhikari Uttam Sahayak Engineer		Adhikari Sahayak Engineer		Pradhan Navik Pradhan Yantrik												Uttam Navik Uttam Yantrik												Navik Yantrik

Equipment

Current aircraft

Aircraft	Picture	Origin	Type	Variant	In service	Notes
Maritime patrol
Dornier 228		Germany India	Maritime patrol	101/201	36	2 on order
Helicopters
HAL Dhruv		India	Utility	Mk. I	4	9 Mk.III on order 6 more planned
				Mk. III	16
HAL Chetak		India	Utility		17

The following is a list of Coast Guard Air Squadrons

Current vessels

Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.

Class	Picture	Origin	Type	Commissioned	Displacement	Vessels	Comment
Pollution control vessels (3)
Samudra class		India	Pollution control vessel	2010–present	3,960 tons	3
Offshore patrol vessels (25)
Vikram class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	2018–present	2,140 tons	7
Samarth class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	2015–present	2,400 tons	11
Vishwast class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	2010–present	1,800 tons	3
Sankalp class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	2008–present	2,325 tons	2
Samar class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	1996–present	1,800 tons	2	2 ships out of 4 decommissioned in November 2023
Fast Patrol vessels (44)
Aadesh class		India	Fast patrol vessel	2013–present	290 tons	20
Rajshree class		India	Fast patrol vessel	2012–present	275 tons	13	1 additional unit built for the Seychelles Coast Guard.
Rani Abbaka class		India	Fast patrol vessel	2009–present	275 tons	5
Sarojini Naidu class		India	Fast patrol vessel	2002–present	270 tons	6	1 unit decommissioned on 27 April 2023. 2 additional units built for the National Coast Guard of Mauritius.
Patrol boats (82)
Bharati class		India	Patrol boat	2013–present	107 tons	6	9 more to be commissioned
L&T class		India	Fast interceptor boat	2012–present	90 tons	54
ABG class		India	Fast interceptor boat	2000–present	90 tons	11
Patrol craft (14)
Timblo class		India	Interceptor craft	2010–present	7 tons	10
Bristol class		United Kingdom	Interceptor craft	2004–present	5 tons	4
Hovercraft (14)
Griffon class		United Kingdom	Hovercraft	2000–present	27 tons	18	6 H-181(Griffon 8000TD) and 12 H-187(Griffon 8000TD)

Former vessels

Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.

Class	Picture	Origin	Type	Commissioned	Displacement	Comment
Patrol vessels
Priyadarshini class		India	Fast patrol vessel	1992–1998	215 tons	All 8 decommissioned.
Samar class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	1996–present	1,800 tons	2 decommissioned, 2 still in service
Vikram class		India	Offshore patrol vessel	1983–1992	1,220 tons	6 decommissioned, 1 lost, 2 transferred
Rajhans class		India	Patrol vessel	1980–1987	200 tons	All 5 have been decommissioned.
Tara Bai class		Singapore	Coastal patrol vessel	1987–1990	236 tons	All 6 have been decommissioned.
Blackwood class		United Kingdom	Offshore patrol vessel	1978–1988	1,456 tons	Former INS Kirpan and former INS Kuthar transferred from the Indian Navy in 1978. Kirpan decommissioned 1987, Kuthar decommissioned September 1988.

Future of the Indian Coast Guard

As of November 2024, the Indian Coast Guard has a strength of 182 ships and 78 aircraft while it plans to have 200 ships and 100 aircraft by 2030.

Future vessels

The following is a table of vessel classes which are either under construction or planned, but have not yet entered service.

Class	Origin	Type	Commission (est.)	Displacement	Planned	Comment
MDL-class Training Vessel	India	Training vessel			1	Contract signed with MDL
Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) class	India	Pollution Control Vessel	May 2025	4,100 Tons	2	Contract signed for ₹5.83 billion in June 2021. First ship ICGS Samudra Pratap launched on 29 August 2024.
Multi-Role Support Vessels	India	Multi-Role Support Vessels		2500 - 3500 Tons	6
Offshore Patrol Vessels (Operational Sea Training)	India	Offshore Patrol Vessel		~2500 Tons	2
MDL-class NGOPV	India	Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs)	May 2026	2,500 Tons	6	Contract signed with MDL. Steel cutting for first vessel done on 31 May 2024. Steel cutting for second vessel done on 20 December 2024.
Next Generation FPV Class	India	Fast patrol vessel		700 Tons	18	Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared procurement on 3 September 2024.
GSL-class Fast Patrol Vessel	India	Fast patrol vessel		320 Tons	8
MDL-class Fast Patrol Vessel	India	Fast patrol vessel		300 Tons	14	Contract signed with MDL on 24 January 2024. All to be delivered within 63 months
	India	Interceptor boats			22	Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared procurement on 29 July 2024.
Next Generation Interceptor Crafts	India	Interceptor boats		15 - 17 Tons	30
Heavy Duty Air Cushion Vehicles	India	Hovercraft			12
Air Cushion Vehicles	India	Hovercraft			6	Deal signed on 24 October 2024 with Chowgule & Company Pvt. Ltd., Goa at a cost of ₹387.44 crore.

Future aircraft

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Variant	Planned	Notes
Maritime patrol
Airbus C-295 Multi-Mission Maritime Aircraft (MMMA)	Europe  India	Maritime patrol	C-295MPA	6	Ministry of Defence has given clearance for procurement of 6 C-295 MPA on 16 February 2024.

See also

• Coastal India
• Exclusive economic zone of India
• List of Indian Coast Guard directors general
• Indian Navy
• Indian Naval Academy
• Indian Coast Guard Academy
• Indian Army
• Indian Air Force
• Military of India
• Paramilitary forces of India
• Central Armed Police Forces
• Sagar Prahari Bal

Notes

1. Regional Maritime Pollution Response Centre
2. RFI Document: https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Orders/202405220429539337681RFIforAcquisitionof06MRSVs-22May24.pdf
3. RFI document: https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Orders/202404030415322827464RFI02OPV(OST).pdf
4. RFI document: https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Tender/202202280658459150335RFI.pdf
5. The OPVs will be powered by twin controllable pitch propellers driven by 9000 kW engines allowing speeds in excess of 23 knots.
6. RFI Document: https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Orders/202407020344154932931RFIforAcquisitionof30NGICs.pdf
7. RFI Document: https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/WriteReadData/Orders/202405030623244568403RFIFOR12HDACVs.pdf

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