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Menard–Hodges site
3 AR 4

Menard-Hodges MoundsLocation within Arkansas today
Alternative name	Osotouy
Location	Nady, Arkansas,  USA
Region	Arkansas County, Arkansas
Coordinates	34°0′13.93″N 91°15′15.17″W / 34.0038694°N 91.2542139°W / 34.0038694; -91.2542139
History
Cultures	Mississippian culture, Quapaw
Site notes
Archaeologists	James A. Ford
Architecture
Architectural styles	platform mounds
Architectural details	Number of monuments: 2
Menard–Hodges site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NRHP reference No.	85003542
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 31, 1985
Designated NHL	April 11, 1989

The Menard–Hodges site (3AR4) (also known as Menard-Hodges Mounds and Osotouy), is an archaeological site in Arkansas County, Arkansas. It includes two large platform mounds as well as several house mounds. It is the type site for the Menard phase, a protohistoric Mississippian culture group.

The Menard Mound was named for Frank Menard, on whose farm the mound was discovered.

Description

The site is considered as a possible candidate for the Province of Anilco encountered by the Hernando de Soto Entrada in 1540. It was contemporaneous with the Parkin site, believed by many archaeologists to be the location of the province of Casqui, and the Nodena site, believed by many archaeologists to be the location of the province of Pacaha.

The site is also considered to be the location of the protohistoric Quapaw village of Osotouy (or Ossoteoue) first encountered by French explorers in the late 17th century. The Quapaw at the time had four villages, Kappa, Ossoteoue, Touriman, and Tonginga. Kappa was reported to have been on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River and the other three located on the western bank in or near present-day Desha County, Arkansas. The location was excavated by James A. Ford in 1958. The excavations included burials, with graves in extended, flexed, and secondary interments scattered throughout the site and oriented in many different directions. The site has yielded evidence of occupation as early as the Baytown Period (300-700 CE), all the way to the European contact period in the 16th century. The most unusual formation at the site is Mound A, which is conical in shape, and was built in two stages. Ceramics found at the site are consistent with native occupation at the time Henri de Tonti established the first French outpost west of the Mississippi at the Arkansas Post in 1686.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989. In 1997 the National Park Service acquired a tract of 360 acres (150 ha) which encompasses the site of the mound complex and the site believed to be that of Tonti's 1686 outpost. It is now administered as part of the Arkansas Post National Memorial, whose main site is 5 miles (8.0 km) (but 25 miles (40 km) by road) from the mound site.

See also

• Hodges House (Bismarck, Arkansas)
• List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
• History of the Tunica people
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Arkansas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas County, Arkansas

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
2. ^ "Menard–Hodges Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 26, 2007. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007.
3. HalliBurton, William Henry (1903). A Topographical Description and History of Arkansas County, Arkansas from 1541 to 1875. History of Arkansas County, Arkansas, 1541-1875. p. 4.
4. Hudson, Charles M. (1997). Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun. University of Georgia Press. p. 337. ISBN 9780820318882.
5. ^ Hudson, Charles M. (1997). Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820318882.
6. ^ Phyllis Morse (1981). "Parkin". Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series. Arkansas Archaeological Survey. ISSN 0882-5491. OCLC 7540091.
7. Ford, James A. (1961), Menard Site: the Quapaw Village of Osotouy On the Arkansas River, American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, New York: American Museum of Natural History
8. ^ "Menard–Hodges Site". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
9. "Quapaw". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
10. "UA-WRI-French Colonial Arkansas". Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
11. "Summary description of Menard–Hodges site". Arkansas Preservation. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
12. "The Weathervane, Volume 2, Number 2 (2006)". National Park Service. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2014.

v t e Mississippian and related cultures
List of Mississippian sites Timeline of Mississippi valley
Middle Mississippian	American Bottom and Upper Mississippi Aztalan Big Eddy Cahokia Monks Mound Mound 34 Mound 72 Ramey state Woodhenge Cloverdale Dickson Mounds Emerald Acropolis Emmons Cemetery Horseshoe Lake John Chapman Kuhn Station Larson Lunsford-Pulcher McCune Mitchell Orendorf Sleeth Starr Steed-Kisker culture Sugarloaf Mound Lower Ohio River and Confluence area Adams site Dogtooth Bend Mounds Kincaid Mounds Marshall Site Millstone Bluff Orr-Herl Rowlandton Mound Towosahgy Turk Site Twin Mounds Ware Mounds Wickliffe Mounds Middle Ohio River Angel Mounds Angel phase Annis Mound Bone Bank Caborn-Welborn culture Ellerbusch Hovey Lake-Klein Hovey Lake District Murphy Prather Slack Farm Tolu Welborn Village Yankeetown Tennessee and Cumberland Backusburg Beasley Mounds Brentwood Library Brick Church Castalian Springs Dunbar Cave Fewkes Group Hiwassee Island Link Farm Mound Bottom Riverview Sellars Obion Old Town Swallow Bluff Central and Lower Mississippi Belle Meade Boone's Boyd Campbell Carson Chucalissa Denmark Eaker Janet's Menard-Hodges Murphy Nodena Nodena phase Owl Creek Parkin Quigualtam Tipton phase Tunica Koroa Yazoo Walls phase
South Appalachian Mississippian	Adamson Avery Beaverdam Creek Bell Field Mound Bessemer Biltmore Blair Bussell Island Chauga Chiaha Chota Citico Coosa Dallas phase Dyar Etowah Garden Creek Hoojah Branch Irene Jere Shine Joara Joe Bell King Lamar Lamar phase Liddell Little Egypt Long Swamp Mabila Mandeville McMahan Moccasin Bend Moundville Mouse Creek phase Mulberry Muscogee (Creek) Nacoochee Nikwasi Ocmulgee Park Mound Pisgah phase Punk Rock Shelter Rembert Roods Landing Rucker's Bottom Savannah Shiloh Sixtoe Summerour Taskigi Tomotley Toqua Town Creek Waddells Mill Pond Wilbanks
Fort Walton culture	Anhaica Apalachee Apalachee Province Cayson Corbin–Tucker Fort Walton Mound Lake Jackson Leon-Jefferson culture Letchworth Velda Yon
Pensacola culture	Bottle Creek Dauphin Island Fort Walton Hickory Ridge Cemetery Naval Live Oaks Cemetery Pensacola people
Plaquemine Mississippian	Anna Atchafalaya Basin Emerald Fitzhugh Flowery Fosters Ghost Glass Grand Village of the Natchez Holly Bluff Jaketown Jordan Julice Mangum Mazique Medora Mott Natchez Taensa Pocahontas Routh Scott Place Sims Transylvania Venable Winterville
Caddoan Mississippian	Battle Belcher Blue Spring Shelter Bluffton Caddo Caddoan Mounds Gahagan Hughes Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village Keller Spiro
Upper Mississippian cultures	Oneota Anker Beattie Park Blood Run Carcajou Point Fifield Fisher Mound Group Gentleman Farm Grand Village of the Illinois Griesmer Hartley Fort Hotel Plaza Hoxie Farm Huber Juntunen Knoll Spring Mero site Moccasin Bluff Oak Forest Palos Plum Island Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs Schwerdt Summer Island Fort Ancient culture Alligator Effigy Mound Clover Dodge Leo Petroglyph Serpent Mound SunWatch Indian Village
Culture	Agriculture Beans Chenopodium Little barley Maize Marshelder Pumpkin Squash Sunflower Three Sisters Tobacco Artwork Emmons mask Copper plates Rogan plates Spiro plates Wulfing cache Duck River cache Long-nosed god maskette Mill Creek chert Pottery Shell gorget Stone statuary Languages Caddoan Central Algonquian Cherokee Mobilian Jargon Muskogean Natchez Taensa Siouan Timucuan Tunican Yuchi Religion Ballgame (Southeastern) Northern Black drink Burial mound Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Earth/fertility cult Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Platform mound Red Horn Sacred bundle Village bundle Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stone box grave Thunderbird Underwater panther
Related topics Chevron bead Clarksdale bell Mound Builders de Soto Expedition

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• Archaeological type sites
• Middle Mississippian culture
• National Historic Landmarks in Arkansas
• Geography of Arkansas County, Arkansas
• Former populated places in Arkansas
• Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
• National Park Service areas in Arkansas
• Protected areas of Arkansas County, Arkansas
• National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas County, Arkansas
• Mounds in Arkansas
• Arkansas Post