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Dusky brocade
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Apamea
Species:	A. remissa
Binomial name
Apamea remissa (Hübner, 1809)

Apamea remissa, the dusky brocade, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe and Turkey, ranging across the Palearctic realm to Siberia, Manchuria and Japan. It has also been reported from Alaska.

Some authors consider Apamea indocilis to be a subspecies of Apamea remissa.

Description

This species has a wingspan of 36 to 42 mm. Well-marked individuals are fairly distinctive, but forms with obscure markings can be difficult to distinguish from other species. The typical form has pale greyish-brown forewings with dark markings, including a large blackish mark near the dorsum and two spots at the termen. The difference between the ground colour and the dark shading is pronounced, the ground being pale grey, often reddish tinted, and the markings blackish fuscous;some black wedge shaped marks before submarginal line; the upper stigmata whitish. The hindwings are greyish with darker venation.

Technical description and variation

as P. obscura Haw. (= gemina Hbn., anceps Dup.) (40 c). Forewing reddish brown mixed with grey, especially along costa and inner margin; inner and outer lines dark, conversely edged with pale, and lunulate-dentate; submarginal line pale grey, preceded by a brown shade, the terminal area dark fuscous; claviform obscure, dark edged; orbicular and reniform grey with whitish annuli; hindwing dirty whitish grey with dark veins and cellspot, the termen diffusely dark fuscous; — in the ab. submissa Tr. (40 d) the forewing has a short black streak from base below cell, and another on inner margin near base, often with dark cloud above its end; a black streak along submedian fold between inner and outer lines, below which the inner marginal area is paler; the dark suffusion on the rest of wing somewhat stronger; in ab. remissa Hbn. (= supermissa Spul.) (40 d) the difference between the ground colour and the dark shading is still more marked, the ground being pale grey, often reddish tinted, and the markings blackish fuscous; some black wedge shaped marks before submarginal line; the upper stigmata whitish. Larva grey brown; the tubercles blackish; dorsal line whitish, subdorsal lines pale; spiracular line broader, pale grey, edged above with dark: spiracles black; head and thoracic plate black brown. Apamea remissa is difficult to certainly distinguish from is congener Apamea furva. See Townsend et al.

Biology

This moth flies at night and is attracted to light, sugar and nectar-rich flowers. In the British Isles the moth is active in June and July.

The larva feeds on various grasses, including reedgrasses, tussock grasses, fescues, canarygrasses, and ryes. This species overwinters as a larva, feeding during mild weather.

Notes

1. Kononenko, V. S., et al. (1989). Annotated list of owlet moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of Beringia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 68(3) 549-67.
2. Warren. W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
3. Martin C. Townsend, Jon Clifton and Brian Goodey (2010). British and Irish Moths: An Illustrated Guide to Selected Difficult Species. (covering the use of genitalia characters and other features) Butterfly Conservation.
4. "Robinson, G. S., et al. 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London".

References

• Chinery, M. Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe. 1986 (Reprinted 1991).
• Skinner, B. Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles. 1984.

External links

• Funet Taxonomy
• Lepiforum.de
• Vlindernet.nl (in Dutch)

• Apamea (moth)
• Moths described in 1809
• Moths of Asia
• Moths of Europe
• Moths of North America
• Taxa named by Jacob Hübner