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Aplidium albicans

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Sea squirt, source of toxin aplidine

Aplidium albicans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
Class: Ascidiacea
Order: Aplousobranchia
Family: Polyclinidae
Genus: Aplidium
Species: A. albicans
Binomial name
Aplidium albicans
(Milne Edwards, 1841)
Synonyms
  • Amaroucium albicans Milne Edwards, 1841

Aplidium albicans is a toxic sea squirt native to the Mediterranean Sea.

Range

Native to the Mediterranean Sea. Population density is sparse in its native range.

Toxins

A. albicans contains aplidine (aplidin, plitidepsin), found by Steiner et al 2015 and Borjan et al 2015 to be a cytotoxin (due to its apoptotic effect) and antiangiogenic. The toxin is structurally and functionally almost identical to toxins produced by the genus Tistrella of marine bacteria.

Aquaculture

Aquaculture of A. albicans has not been economically feasible as of 2008.

References

  1. "Aplidium albicans". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  2. ^ Mayer, Alejandro M.S.; Glaser, Keith B.; Cuevas, Carmen; Jacobs, Robert S.; Kem, William; Little, R. Daniel; McIntosh, J. Michael; Newman, David J.; Potts, Barbara C.; Shuster, Dale E. (2010). "The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 31 (6). Cell Press: 255–265. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.02.005. ISSN 0165-6147. PMID 20363514.
  3. "Aplidium albicans". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  4. ^ Bruno, B; Giaccone, L; Rotta, M; Anderson, K; Boccadoro, M (2005-08-11). "Novel targeted drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside". Leukemia. 19 (10). Nature Portfolio: 1729–1738. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403905. PMID 16094421. S2CID 27618516.
  5. ^ Molinski, Tadeusz F.; Dalisay, Doralyn S.; Lievens, Sarah L.; Saludes, Jonel P. (2008-12-19). "Drug development from marine natural products". Nature Reviews. 8 (1). Nature: 69–85. doi:10.1038/nrd2487. ISSN 1474-1776. PMID 19096380. S2CID 3333631.
  6. Ptak, Carolyn; Petronis, Arturas (2008-02-01). "Epigenetics and Complex Disease: From Etiology to New Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 48 (1). Annual Reviews: 257–276. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094731. ISSN 0362-1642. PMID 17883328.
  7. ^ Pircher, Andreas; Steiner, Normann; Gunsilius, Eberhard (2019). 12 Cytotoxics and Anti-angiogenics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Reference. pp. 327–347. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33673-2_12.
  8. ^ McCauley, Erin P.; Piña, Ivett C.; Thompson, Alyssa D.; Bashir, Kashif; Weinberg, Miriam; Kurz, Shannon L.; Crews, Phillip (2020-06-08). "Highlights of marine natural products having parallel scaffolds found from marine-derived bacteria, sponges, and tunicates". The Journal of Antibiotics. 73 (8). Japan Antibiotics Research Association (Nature): 504–525. doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0330-5. ISSN 0021-8820. PMC 7276339. PMID 32507851.
  9. Aniszewski, Tadeusz (2015). Alkaloids: Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, and Applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-444-59433-4. OCLC 908192049.
Taxon identifiers
Aplidium albicans


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