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Arachnion

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Genus of fungi

Arachnion
Arachnion album
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Arachnion
Schwein. (1822)
Type species
Arachnion album
Schwein. (1822)
Synonyms
  • Scoleciocarpus Berk. (1843)

Arachnion is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with Arachnion album as the type, and only species. The genus name is Greek for "cobweb".

William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain Arachnion. The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae. Modern molecular analysis has shown that Arachnion, as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae.

Description

Arachnion species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in Lycoperdon. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readily disintegrates into small pieces in maturity to expose the granular contents.

Distribution

The genus is widely distributed, with species found in Australia, North and South America, South Africa, and Europe, and Japan.

Species

As of January 2016, Index Fungorum accepts 11 species in Arachnion:

See also

References

  1. Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany. 2: 507–527.
  2. "Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
  3. ^ von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris" (in Latin). 1: 20–131 (see p. 59). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Johnson MM, Coker WS, Couch JN (1974) . The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7.
  5. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5.
  6. Trierveiler-Pereira L, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010). "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon. 111: 411–421. doi:10.5248/111.411.
  7. Kasuya T, Orihara T, Fukiharu T, Yoshimi S (2006). "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience. 47 (6): 385–387. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. S2CID 84744299.
  8. Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  9. ^ Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 23: 290–294.
  10. Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 11: 33–66.
  11. Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires. 16 (9): 25–33.
  12. Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon. 58: 331–341.
  13. ^ Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)". Nova Hedwigia (in French). 21: 641–655.
  14. Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings. 2 (21): 245–260.
  15. Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings. 4: 525–540.
Taxon identifiers
Arachnion
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