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v t e

Article 45 is an article of the Hong Kong Basic Law. It states that the Chief Executive should be chosen by universal suffrage upon nomination by a broadly representative nominating committee as an eventual goal.

Content of Article 45

Article 45 gives the requirements for choosing the Chief Executive:

"The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government."

"The method for selecting the Chief Executive shall be specified in the light of the actual situation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress. The ultimate aim is the selection of the Chief Executive by universal suffrage upon nomination by a broadly representative nominating committee in accordance with democratic procedures."

Details of procedures to be adopted are found in Annex I to the Basic Law where the same expression "broadly representative" is used to describe the constituency of the Election Committee notwithstanding its only representing a tiny section of the total number of registered electors.

Background

Paragraph 3 of Annex I Section I of the Sino-British Joint Declaration provides the corresponding backing for art.45:

"The chief executive will be appointed by the Central People's Government on the basis of the results of elections or consultations to be held locally."

The earlier version of Article 45, from December 1987 (Article 45 in 1987), contained the details of the methods for selecting the Chief Executive, which was put in the Annex I to the April 1988 version and then in the enacted version. The Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee noted that opinions were expressed on several areas of the article, including whether the Chief Executive should be appointed by the Central People's Government; that consultation is not as democratic as direct or indirect elections; and that the clause “in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress” is vague and difficult to define legally.

Controversy

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The focus of initial controversy was on the timetable for progress towards universal suffrage but, having extracted a promise of a timetable of reform (2016 for the legislature and 2017 for the Chief Executive) heated debate ensued over the details of the election systems to be employed. Positions on both sides hardened in early 2013, with the newly appointed chairman of the PRC government's Law Committee, Qiao Xiaoyang, espousing hard-to-define pre-conditions on CE candidature, ("love China and Hong Kong" and "not oppose the Central Government") including declaring that Beijing would refuse to appoint an unsupportive Hong Kong CE even if democratically elected. Pro-democracy groups formed the Alliance for True Democracy in support of the Occupy Central with Love and Peace protest movement, devised by University of Hong Kong Associate Professor Benny Tai, demanding unconditional universal suffrage.

References

1. ^ HK basic law web pdf. "HK basic law." The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved on 2007-01-08.
2. Bokhary, Kemal; Ramsden, Michael; Hargreaves, Stuart (2015). Hong Kong Basic Law Handbook. Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell/Thomson Reuter. p. 68.
3. News.gov.hk. "News.gov.hk Archived 2004-08-23 at the Wayback Machine." Dialogue, consensus, key to reform. Article 19 May 2004. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.

See also

• Article 45 Concern Group
• Democratic development in Hong Kong
• 2005 Hong Kong Chief Executive election
• Politics of Hong Kong

v t e Umbrella Movement / 2014 Hong Kong protests
Main topics	2014 Hong Kong electoral reform 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign Reactions to the 2014 Hong Kong protests Art of the Umbrella Movement Gau wu Lennon Wall Umbrella Square Umbrella Ultra Marathon
Related articles	Hong Kong Federation of Students Scholarism Occupy Central with Love and Peace Civic Passion Pan-democracy camp Localism Joshua Wong Alex Chow Lester Shum Benny Tai Chan Kin-man Chu Yiu-ming Boundless Oceans, Vast Skies The Umbrella Movement: Civil Resistance and Contentious Space in Hong Kong
Law and elections	Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45 2016 Legislative Council election 2017 Chief Executive election NPCSC decision

v t e Hong Kong Basic Law
Background	Sino-British Joint Declaration Consultative Committee Drafting Committee
Articles	Article 23 Article 45 Article 46 Article 69
Cases	Ng Ka Ling v Director of Immigration Director of Immigration v Chong Fung Yuen Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration Lau Kong Yung v Director of Immigration Vallejos v Commissioner of Registration

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