 | |
 View of the Matenadaran | |
| Established | March 3, 1959; 65 years ago (March 3, 1959) |
|---|---|
| Location | 53 Mashtots Avenue, Kentron District, Yerevan, Armenia |
| Coordinates | 40°11′31″N 44°31′16″E / 40.19207°N 44.52113°E / 40.19207; 44.52113 |
| Type | Art museum, archive, research institute |
| Collection size | ~23,000 manuscripts and scrolls (including fragments) |
| Visitors | 132,600 (2019) |
| Director | Arayik Khzmalyan |
| Architect | Mark Grigorian, Arthur Meschian |
| Owner | Government of Armenia, Ministry of Education and Science |
| Website | matenadaran |
The Matenadaran (Armenian: Մատենադարան), officially the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, is a museum, repository of manuscripts, and a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. It is the world's largest repository of Armenian manuscripts.
It was established in 1959 on the basis of the nationalized collection of the Armenian Church, formerly held at Etchmiadzin. Its collection has gradually expanded since its establishment, mostly from individual donations. One of the most prominent landmarks of Yerevan, it is named after Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet, whose statue stands in front of the building. Its collection is included in the register of the UNESCO Memory of the World program.
Name
The word matenadaran is a compound composed of matean, ("book" or "parchment") and daran ("repository"). Both words are of Middle Persian origin. Though it is sometimes translated as "scriptorium" in English, a more accurate translation is "repository or library of manuscripts." In medieval Armenia, the term matenadaran was used in the sense of a library as all books were manuscripts.
Some Armenian manuscript repositories around the world are still known as matenadaran, such as the ones at the Mekhitarist monastery in San Lazzaro, Venice and the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. To distinguish it from others, it is often referred to as the Matenadaran of Yerevan, the Yerevan Matenadaran, or the Mashtots Matenadaran (Մաշտոցյան Մատենադարան).
History
Historic predecessors
The earliest mention of a manuscript repository in Armenia was recorded in the writings of the fifth century historian Ghazar Parpetsi, who noted the existence of such a repository at the Etchmiadzin catholicosate in Vagharshapat, where Greek and Armenian language texts were kept. Sources remain silent on the fate of the Etchmiadzin matenadaran until the 15th century, when the catholicosate returned from Sis in Cilicia. Manuscript repositories existed at major monasteries in medieval Armenia, such as at Haghpat (Haghpat matenadaran), Sanahin, Saghmosavank, Tatev, Geghard, Kecharis, Hromkla, and Bardzraberd. In some cases, monastic complexes have separate structures as manuscript repositories. Sometimes manuscripts would be transferred to caves to avoid destruction by foreign invaders. Thousands of manuscripts in Armenia were destroyed over the course of the tenth to fifteenth centuries during the Turkic and Mongol invasions. According to the medieval Armenian historian Stepanos Orbelian, the Seljuk Turks were responsible for the burning of over 10,000 Armenian manuscripts in Baghaberd in 1170.
Background
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As a result of Armenia being a constant battleground between two major powers, the Matenadaran in Etchmiadzin was pillaged several times, the last of which took place in 1804, during the Russo-Persian War. Eastern Armenia's annexation by the Russian Empire in the early 19th century provided a more stable climate for the preservation of the remaining manuscripts. Whereas in 1828 the curators of the Matenadaran catalogued a collection of only 1,809 manuscripts, in 1863 the collection had increased to 2,340 manuscripts, and in 1892 to 3,338 manuscripts. Prior to World War I, in 1914, the collected had reached 4,660 manuscripts. The collection was sent to Moscow for safekeeping since Etchmiadzin was close to the war zone.
Thousands of Armenian manuscripts were destroyed during the genocide in the Ottoman Empire.
Modern Matenadaran
On December 17, 1920, just two weeks after the demise of the First Republic of Armenia and Sovietization of Armenia, the new Bolshevik government of Armenia issued a decree nationalizing all cultural and educational institutions in Armenia. The decree, signed by Minister of Education Ashot Hovhannisyan, declared the manuscript repository of Etchmiadzin the "property of the working peoples of Armenia." It was put under the supervision of Levon Lisitsian [hy], an art historian and the newly appointed commissar of all cultural and educational institutions of Etchmiadzin. In March 1922 the manuscripts from Etchmiadzin that had been sent to Moscow during World War I were ordered to be returned to Armenia by Alexander Miasnikian. 1,730 manuscripts were added to the original 4,660 manuscripts held at Etchmiadzin once they returned to Armenia.
In 1939 the entire collection of manuscripts of Etchmiadzin were transferred to the State Public Library in Yerevan (what later became the National Library of Armenia) by the decision of the Soviet Armenian government. In the same year there were 9,382 catalogued manuscripts at the Matenadaran. On March 3, 1959, the Council of Ministers of Soviet Armenian officially established the Matenadaran as an "institute of scientific research with special departments of scientific preservation, study, translation and publication of manuscripts" in the current building. It was named after Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, in 1962.
A branch of the Matenadaran was established next to the monastery of Gandzasar in the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) in 2015.
Architecture
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Main building
The Matenadaran building is situated on a slope at the northeastern end of Mashtots Avenue, the main thoroughfare in central Yerevan. Rising 18 m (59 ft) above street level, it forms a visual endpoint for the avenue and serves as an intermediate link in the spatial composition that includes the statue of Mother Armenia and its large pedestal atop the hill.
Yerevan's chief architect Mark Grigorian was commissioned by Soviet Armenia's authorities to design it in October 1939, almost immediately after the manuscripts were decided to be transferred to Yerevan. Interrupted by the Great Patriotic War, he completed the design by November 1944, when his sketches were first publicly displayed. Despite accusations of nationalism, its design was endorsed by the Soviet Armenian leader Grigory Arutinov, while academician Hovsep Orbeli proposed its location. Its construction lasted from 1945 to 1958, with a pause from 1947 to 1953 due to a shortage of skilled laborers. German prisoners of war dug the excavation for the building and laid its foundation.
Faced with local gray basalt, its design is influenced by medieval Armenian architecture. Grigorian believed that the "attractive features of national architecture should be expressed in this building as vividly and strongly as possible." Its rectangular façade is inspired by the eastern façade of the 12th century southern gavit (narthex) of the Church of the Holy Apostles (Arakelots) of Ani, the grand capital of Bagratid Armenia. Although he initially cited the southern gavit of the Church of the Apostles as an inspiration, Grigorian later argued that the façade design—a tall central entrance flanked by two decorative niches on both sides—has older roots, appearing on the ancient Egyptian Temple of Edfu, and then at Ani's Apostles Church and the Baron's Palace that also incorporate a decorative frame. Its shallow niches have been likened to those of the Geghard monastery.
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Its interior was likewise inspired by medieval Armenian architecture, especially eleventh and twelfth century gavits (zhamatuns). The vestibule was specifically inspired by the gavit of Sanahin Monastery, while other halls were inspired by the design of the gavits of Haghpat and Horomos. Various marbles were used in the interior.
A triptych of Renaissance-inspired murals, created by Van Khachatur in 1959, depict three periods of Armenian history—Urartu, Hellenism, and the Christian Middle Ages—surrounding the steps leading to the main exhibition hall. A mosaic inspired by medieval Armenian art, created by Khachatur in 1960, depicts the Battle of Avarayr (451) and is located in the entrance hall. A large ivory medallion with a diameter of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) with the portrait of Vladimir Lenin by Sergey Merkurov was previously hung in the lecture hall. In the 1970s American archivist Patricia Kennedy Grimsted noted that Matenadaran is one of the few places in Soviet Armenia with air conditioning.
It has been listed as a national monument of Armenia, and was last renovated in 2012.
Reception
The design of the building has generated a range of responses, reflecting both admiration and criticism. Hovhannes Margaryan praised its "outstanding conceptual and artistic quality", but Rafayel Israyelian, writing in 1953, observed that it faced "heavily criticism" during its design debates, pointing to "fundamental errors" in its location and style. For allowing "excesses" in its design, Grigorian was issued a severe reprimand by the Communist Party in 1956. Edmond Tigranyan saw its design as reflective of "Leninist understanding of cultural heritage and the objectives of national imagery in architecture" as expressed in the works of Alexander Tamanian.
Artsvin Grigoryan and Martin Tovmasyan commended the façade's "refined plasticity", noting how "classical variations in forms and proportions" create a "harmonious rhythm in the otherwise solid stone wall." They were, however, critical of what they described as "the deliberate archaization of the interior forms." They also found the "unsuccessful harmony between the building's volume and the slope, with its diagonal alignment seemingly cutting into the natural environment, disappointing."
Varazdat Harutyunyan suggested that Grigorian borrowed from Armenian architecture traditions "somewhat mechanically," adapting forms from medieval Armenian monuments "almost without alteration." Yuri Yaralov was even more critical, describing the building as "an example of an uncritical use of ancient forms in a modern structure" and calling it "a regrettable failure." According to Yaralov, Grigorian's near-direct replication of elements from 11th-13th century Armenian refectories and gavits transformed the building's interior into "a museum of historical forms, detaching visitors from the present and recreating the atmosphere of a distant medieval period."
In contrast to the critiques from architectural specialists, a range of lay opinions have expressed admiration for the building. Lionel Daiches found it "noble in design" and endowed with "great architectural dignity." A decade after its completion, Andrei Bitov described it as the most remarkable piece of modern Armenian architecture. Herbert Lottman called it solemn and solid-looking, while Levon Abrahamian characterized it as "orderly" and imposing". Vartan Gregorian suggested that it is "perhaps by design, the most imposing building in Yerevan." Rouben Paul Adalian suggested that it was "designed as a modern temple to Armenian civilization." Several authors have likened its appearance that of a temple or a church, while others have drawn parallels to a palace, especially in its style and proportions.
Statues
The statue of Mesrop Mashtots and his disciple Koryun by Ghukas Chubaryan was erected in 1962 (first in gypsum, then in basalt in 1967) below the terrace where the main building stands. From 1963 to 1967, full-body basalt statues of six medieval Armenian scholars, Toros Roslin, Grigor Tatevatsi, Anania Shirakatsi, Movses Khorenatsi, Mkhitar Gosh, and Frik, were erected in front of the building. They represent manuscript illumination, philosophy, cosmology, history, jurisprudence, and poetry, respectively. Giusto Traina found the statues imposing, although noting that one would expect scholars less muscular and more frail.
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Toros Roslin
(Arsham Shahinyan, 1967) -
Grigor Tatevatsi
(Adibek Grigoryan, 1967) -
Anania Shirakatsi
(Grigor Badalyan, 1963) -
Movses Khorenatsi
(Yerem Vardanyan, 1964) -
Mkhitar Gosh
(Ghukas Chubaryan, 1967) -
Frik
(Suren Nazaryan, 1967)
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Since the 1970s an open-air exhibition is located in the colonnades on both sides of the entrance. On display there are medieval khachkars; a tombstone from the Noratus cemetery; a vishapakar dated 2nd-1st millennia BC; a door from Teishebaini (Karmir Blur), a Urartian archaeological site.
New building
The new building of the Matenadaran was designed by Arthur Meschian, an architect better known as a musician, to accommodate the growing collection of manuscripts. Its construction began in 1987, but was halted the next year because of the 1988 Armenian earthquake, the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the post-Soviet economic crisis that ensued. This five-story structure surpasses the size of its predecessor, providing three times the space with 12,000 m (130,000 sq ft). One of its features is a state-of-the-art laboratory, dedicated to the preservation, restoration, and digitization of the manuscripts. Meschian's design seamlessly extends the legacy of the old structure without overshadowing it. Like Grigoryan, he incorporated traditional Armenian architecture into its design.
The idea was revived in 2008. Its foundation stone was laid in a ceremony attended by President Serzh Sargsyan and officiated by Catholicos Karekin II on May 14, 2009. It received funding from Moscow-based Armenian businessman Sergei Hambartsumian ($10 million) and Maxim Hakobian, director of the Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine ($4 million), and was inaugurated on September 20, 2011, on the eve of celebrations of the 20th anniversary of Armenia's independence in attendance of President Serzh Sargsyan, Catholicoi Karekin II of Etchmiadzin and Aram I of Cilicia, Artsakh President Bako Sahakyan, and others.
Museum
The Matenadaran has become a Yerevan landmark and a major tourist attraction since its establishment. It has been described as Armenia's most important museum, and Yerevan's most important and most popular tourist attraction. It has maintained a good reputation. John Brady Kiesling described it as a "world-class museum," and Aleksey Levykin, director of Russia's State Historical Museum, called it "legendary".
Mikhail Tikhomirov wrote in 1961, two years after its establishment, that it attracts a large number of tourists. By the mid-1970s, 40 to 50,000 visited the museum annually. It attracted some 89,000 visitors in 2016, and around 132,600 in 2019. Many foreign dignitaries have visited the Matenadaran, including Leonid Brezhnev (1970), Indira Gandhi (1976), Vladimir Putin (2001), José Manuel Barroso (2012), Prince Charles (2013).
Collection
Currently, the Matenadaran contains a total of some 23,000 manuscripts and scrolls—including fragments. It is, by far, the single largest collection of Armenian manuscripts in the world. Furthermore, over 500,000 documents such as imperial and decrees of catholicoi, various documents related to Armenian studies, and archival periodicals. The manuscripts cover a wide array of subjects: religious and theological works (Gospels, Bibles, lectionaries, psalters, hymnals, homilies, and liturgical books), texts on history, mathematics, geography, astronomy, cosmology, philosophy, jurisprudence, medicine, alchemy, astrology, music, grammar, rhetoric, philology, pedagogy, collections of poetry, literary texts, and translations from Greek and Syriac. The writings of classical and medieval historians Movses Khorenatsi, Yeghishe and Koryun are preserved here, as are the legal, philosophical and theological writings of other notable Armenian figures. The preserved writings of Grigor Narekatsi and Nerses Shnorhali at the Matenadaran form the cornerstone of medieval Armenian literature.
The manuscripts previously held at Etchmiadzin constitute the core of the Matenadaran collection. The rest came from the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow, the Nersisian Seminary and the Armenian Ethnographic Society, both in Tbilisi, and the Yerevan Museum of Literature.
When it was established as a distinct institution in 1959, the Matenadaran had around 10,000 Armenian manuscripts and 4,000 fragments (partial volumes or isolated pages) dating as early as the 5th century. At the time there were some one thousand manuscripts in other languages, such as Persian, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Georgian, Russian, Hebrew, Hindi, Tamil, Latin, Ethiopic (Geʽez), and other languages. Some originals, written in other languages, have been saved only in their Armenian translations.
There has been steady growth in the number of manuscripts preserved at the Matenadaran, mostly from gifts from private individuals from the Armenian diaspora. In 1972 there were already 12,960 Armenian manuscripts and nearly two thousand manuscripts in other languages. Among the major donors of the Matenadaran include Harutiun Hazarian from New York (397 manuscripts), Varouzhan Salatian from Damascus (150 manuscripts), Rafael Markossian from Paris (37 manuscripts). Rouben Galichian from London has donated old maps. In 1969 Tachat Markossian, 95, from the village of Gharghan, near Isfahan, in central Iran, donated a 1069 manuscript to the Matenadaran. Written at Narekavank monastery, it is a copy of a Gospel written by Mashtots.
Notable manuscripts
Among the most significant manuscripts of the Matenadaran are the Lazarian Gospel [hy] (9th century), the Echmiadzin Gospel (10th century) and the Mughni Gospel (11th century). The first, so called because it was brought from the Lazarian Institute, is from 887 and is one of the Matenadaran's oldest complete volumes. The Echmiadzin Gospel, dated 989, has a 6th-century, probably Byzantine, carved ivory cover. The Cilician illuminated manuscripts by Toros Roslin (13th century) and Sargis Pitsak (14th century), two prominent masters, are also held with high esteem.
Three manuscripts are allowed to leave the Matenadaran on a regular basis. The first is the Vehamor Gospel [hy], donated to the Matenadaran by Catholicos Vazgen I in 1975. It probably dates to the 7th century and is, thus, the oldest complete extant Armenian manuscript. The name refers to the mother of the Catholicos (vehamayr), to whose memory Vazgen I dedicated the manuscript. Since Levon Ter-Petrosyan in 1991, all president of Armenia have given their oath on this book. The other two, the Shurishkani Gospel (1498, Vaspurakan) and the Shukhonts' Gospel (1669) are taken to the churches of Mughni and Oshakan every year to be venerated.
Other items
Besides manuscripts, the Matenadaran holds a copy of the Urbatagirk, the first published Armenian book (1512, Venice) and all issues of the first Armenian magazine Azdarar ("Herald"), published in Madras, India from 1794 to 1796. The first map printed in Armenian—in Amsterdam in 1695—is also kept at the Matenadaran.
Publications
Catalogs
The first complete catalog of the Matenadaran manuscripts («Ցուցակ ձեռագրաց») was published in two volumes in 1965 and 1970 with a supplementary volume in 2007. These three volumes listed 11,100 manuscripts kept at the Matenadaran with short descriptions. Since 1984, a more detailed catalog has been published, titled The Main List of Armenian Manuscripts («Մայր ցուցակ հայերէն ձեռագրաց»). As of 2019, ten volumes have been published.
Banber Matenadarani
The Matenadaran publishes the scholarly journal Banber Matenadarani (Բանբեր Մատենադարանի, "Herald of the Matenadaran", ISSN 1829-054X) since 1941. The first two volumes, published in 1941 and 1950, appeared under the title Collection of Scientific Materials (Գիտական նյութերի ժողովածու, Gitakan nyut‘eri zhoghovatsu) and acquired its current name in 1956. As of 2024, 37 volumes have been published. All are available online. The articles are usually devoted to the manuscripts and editions of texts contained in the collection, authored mainly by its researchers. It is well-regarded internationally. Nina Garsoïan called it important, Vartan Matiossian described it as "highly respected", and Robert H. Hewsen commended its high quality of scholarship.
Significance and recognition
It is a "source of national pride" for Armenians, who view it as a "a repository of national heritage." The Matenadaran collection was inscribed by the UNESCO into the Memory of the World Register in 1997. In 2011 Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan called the Matenadaran a "national treasure which has become the greatest citadel of the Armenian identity." In 2013 the Armenian government recognized the Matenadaran—along with the Byurakan Observatory and the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute—as scientific institutions of "national value". Asoghik Karapetian [Wikidata], director of the Etchmiadzin Museums, called the Matenadaran one of the holiest sites of Armenian identity, along with Mount Ararat and Etchmiadzin.
According to Nora Dudwick, in the Soviet period, the Matenadaran "symbolized the central values of Armenian culture to Armenians the high level of culture and learning their ancestors achieved as early as the fifth century." Thomas de Waal notes that alongside several other institutions (e.g. the Opera, National Gallery) the Matenadaran was central in the Soviet efforts to make Yerevan a "repository of Armenian myths and hopes." Levon Abrahamian argues that the secular Matenadaran continued the traditions of medieval monasteries within an atheist state.
Patrick Donabédian and Claude Mutafian characterized it as a "modern, secular, and urban monastery." Gevorg Emin called it the "chief temple" of Armenian manuscripts, while Silva Kaputikyan suggested that it "evokes the same reverent feeling" as Saint Hripsime Church and the monastery of Geghard. Abrahamian suggests that the Matenadaran has become a sanctuary and temple for Armenians, where manuscripts are treated not only with scientific respect, but also adoration. An American delegation headed by Glenn T. Seaborg that visited in 1971 noted the "loving care with which the people obviously regarded" the "tremendous wealth" of the Matenadaran.
Karen Demirchyan, the Soviet Armenian leader, stressed that there was no longer a necessity to safeguard Armenian books and manuscripts from potential destruction through constant migrations, as they were safeguarded at the Matenadaran, which he called the "temple of priceless creations of the people's mind and talent." Soviet librarian Yuri Grikhanov called it "perhaps the most unique manuscript repository in the world", while Tadevos Hakobyan compared its essence to that of the Library of Alexandria, noting that both served not only as book repositories but also as museums and centers of science. The Communist Party's official newspaper, Pravda, wrote that no educated Soviet citizen can "imagine spiritual life without the capital's Tretyakov Gallery, the Leningrad Hermitage, and the Yerevan Matenadaran."
Tributes
In the Soviet era, it was featured on a 1978 stamp and a 5 ruble commemorative coin released in 1990.
In post-Soviet Armenia, it appeared on a 1,000 dram banknote circulated from 1994 to 2004. Additionally, it was depicted on uncirculated commemorative coins in 2002 (gold) and 2007 (silver), as well as on a stamp issued in 2007. In 2015 the Central Bank of Russia issued a silver commemorative coin dedicated to the Eurasian Economic Union, which depicted symbols of the capitals of the member states, including the Matenadaran.
Notable staff
Directors
- Gevorg Abov (1940–1952)
- Levon Khachikian (1954–1982)
- Sen Arevshatyan (1982–2007)
- Hrachya Tamrazyan (2007–2016)
- Vahan Ter-Ghevondyan (2018–2023)
- Arayik Khzmalyan (2023–)
Notable researchers
- Gevorg Emin, poet. He worked briefly at the Matenadaran in the 1940s.
- Rafael Ishkhanyan, linguist, political activist, and member of parliament. He worked at the Matenadaran from 1961 to 1963.
- Nouneh Sarkissian, First Lady of Armenia (2018–2022). She worked at the Matenadaran in the 1980s.
- Levon Ter-Petrosyan, first President of Armenia (1991–98). He worked at the Matenadaran from 1978 to 1991. He was initially a junior researcher, but became a senior researcher in 1985.
- Asatur Mnatsakanian, philologist and historian. He worked at the Matenadaran from 1940 until his death in 1983.
References
- Notes
- Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտ, Mesrop Mashtotsi anvan hin dzeragreri institut
- The Matenadaran has sometimes been called a library.
- In modern Eastern Armenian, the term gradaran has replaced it for "library", while in Western Armenian the word matenadaran continues to be used for "library".
- According to a different account the site was chosed by Arutinov.
- Grigorian chose not to incorporate the entrance's muqarnas, which he described as "somewhat Persian-style." Instead, he designed an "elegant main entrance that harmonizes with the national traditions of Armenian architecture."
- Michael J. Arlen: "a large and churchlike building",
Max Mohl: "resembles a church, a solemn temple",
Erich Richter: "resembling a temple from the outside". - Visitors have described it monumental, grandiose, austere, stern, and imposing.
- Including, among others, presidents Boris Tadić of Serbia, Sergio Mattarella of Italy, Bronisław Komorowski of Poland, Heinz Fischer of Austria, Valdis Zatlers of Latvia, Rumen Radev of Bulgaria, Prokopis Pavlopoulos of Greece.
- also the Grand Kremlin Palace and Spasskaya Tower in Moscow, the National Library of Belarus in Minsk, Kazakhstan's Presidential Palace in Astana, and the Kyrgyz State Historical Museum in Bishkek.
- Citations
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- ^ "Matenadaran. Historical review". matenadaran.am. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018.
- ^ Nazaretyan, Hovhannes (10 February 2022). "Զբոսաշրջությունը հաղթահարում է կորոնավիրուսային շոկը [Tourism overcoming coronavirus shock]". civilnet.am. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023.
- "Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարության առընթեր Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտի (Մատենադարան) վերակազմավորման մասին". arlis.am (in Armenian). Armenian Legal Information System. 6 March 2002.
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Aghayan, Eduard (1976). Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing. p. 974.
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Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul, Azgayin Matenadaran
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....in the Mashtots Matenadaran in Erevan...
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- ^ Hewsen, Robert H. (1981). "Matenadaran". In Wieczynski, Joseph L (ed.). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History Volume 21. Academic International Press. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-0-87569-064-3.
- ^ Mkhitaryan, Lusine (28 June 2018). "Երբեք չհնացող արժեքներ". Hayastani Hanrapetutyun (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 6 September 2018.
- Sukiasyan, H. (2014). "Եկեղեցու սեփականության բռնագրավումը Խորհրդային Հայաստանում (1920 թ. դեկտեմբեր – 1921 թ. փետրվար) [Expropriation of church properties in Soviet Armenia (December 1920-February 1921)]". Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Armenian). 1 (1): 96–97.
- ^ "ՀՀ նախագահ Ս.Սարգսյանը ծանոթացավ Մատենադարանի նոր մասնաշենքի շինարարական աշխատանքներին" (in Armenian). Armenpress. 19 September 2008. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020.
- "President attended the official ceremony of inauguration of the Depository of Manuscripts in Gandzasar". president.am. The Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.
- "Մեկնարկել են Մատենադարանի արցախյան մասնաճյուղի շինարարական աշխատանքները". artsakhpress.am (in Armenian). 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022.
- "Գանձասարի մատենադարանի բացումը". panorama.am (in Armenian). 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022.
- ^ Dulyan, Suren; Aslanyan, Arsham (1972). Знакомьтесь, Армения (in Russian). Yerevan: Ayastan. pp. 99-100.
- ^ Grigorian, Mark (1945). "Մատենադարանի նախագիծը [The Design of the Matenadaran]". Etchmiadzin (in Armenian). 2 (1–2): 50–52. (archived); originally published in Grakan tert (Writers Union of Armenia), January 1945, issue 1, p. 4
- Simonian, Abel P. (1965). Ереван: очерк истории, экономики и культуры города . Yerevan: Mitk. p. 243.
- Pekareva, Niss Aleksandrovna (1975). "Крупные общественные здания ". In Baranov, N. V. (ed.). Всеобщая история архитектуры в 12 томах. Том 12 (первая книга) : Архитектура СССР [Universal History of Architecture in 12 Volumes. Volume 12 (Book One): Architecture of the USSR] (in Russian). Moscow: Stroyizdat. pp. 388-9.
- ^ Grigoryan, Mark (2020). "Մատենադարանի շենքի նախագծման և կառուցման պատմությունը ". In Ter-Ghevondyan, Vahan (ed.). Պատմության և մշակույթի հարցեր. Օժանդակ ձեռնարկ զբոսավարների, երիտասարդ գիտաշխատողների, ասպիրանտների և հայցորդների համար [Issues on History and Culture: Manual for museum guides, young researchers and PhD students] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Matenadaran. pp. 9-20. ISBN 978-9939-9237-2-7.
- ^ Grigoryan, Mark (October 30, 2018). "Անծանոթ Երևան - Մատենադարան [Unknown Yerevan: Matenadaran]" (in Armenian). ATV. Archived from the original on 25 October 2024.
- Grigoryan, Mark (3 March 2023). "Ինչպես կառուցվեց Մատենադարանը. պատերազմ, արգելքներ, խիստ նկատողություն... [How the Matenadaran Was Built: War, Obstacles, Severe Reprimands…]". art365.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 18 December 2023.
- Mikoyan, Nami ; Avetisyan, Hrant (2000). Григор Арутюнян жизнь и деятельность Жизнь и деятельность (in Russian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. p. 303.
Соавтором целого ряда монументальных зданий, таких, как здание Матенадарана ... можно было бы без колебания назвать и Григория Артемьевича.
- Hovsepyan, Baghish (April 1957). "Որ ապրեն դարեդար... [So They Live For Centuries...]" (PDF). Sovetakan Hayastan Monthly (in Armenian) (4). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Committee for Cultural Relations with the Armenians Abroad: 34-36. ISSN 0131-6834.
- ^ Mirzoyan, Gamlet (February 2011). "История двух династий [History of two dynasties]". Noev Kovcheg (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 July 2012.
- Grigorian 1960, p. 12.
- Abov, Gevorg (August 1945). "Հայ կուլտուրայի մեծ գանձարանը [The Great Treasury of Armenian Culture]" (PDF). Sovetakan Hayastan Monthly (in Armenian) (2). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Committee for Cultural Relations with the Armenians Abroad: 32-37. ISSN 0131-6834.
...արդեն սկսվել են Մատենադարանի նոր շենքի կառուցման հողային աշխատանքները։
- ^ Kiesling, Brady (2000). Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia (PDF). Yerevan/Washington DC: Embassy of the United States of America to Armenia. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-03.
- Izmailova, Tatyana; Ayvazyan, Mariam (1962). Искусство Армении [The Art of Armenia] (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo. pp. 249-250. Archived from the original on 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Hasratyan, Murad (2011). "Անիի ճարտարապետությունը [Architecture of Ani]". Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian). 3 (3): 11. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Grigorian 1960, pp. 18–19.
- Smith, Adam T. (2012). ""Yerevan, My Ancient Erebuni": Archaeological Repertoires, Public Assemblages, and the Manufacture of a (Post-)Soviet Nation". The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9781107016521.
The exterior face of the building, on both sides of the tall arched entryway, was cut by shallow Geghard-style niches.
- ^ Grigorian 1960, p. 15.
- Grigorian 1960, p. 18.
- ^ Government of the Republic of Armenia (2 November 2004). "Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Երևան քաղաքի պատմության և մշակույթի անշարժ հուշարձանների պետակական ցուցակ [List of historical and cultural monuments of Yerevan]". arlis.am (in Armenian). Armenian Legal Information System. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016.
- Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy (1973). "Regional Archival Development in the USSR: Soviet Standards and National Documentary Legacies". The American Archivist. 36 (1): 50. doi:10.17723/aarc.36.1.73x7728271272n88.
- Danielian, Gayane (20 September 2012). "Մատենադարանի վերանորոգված հին մասնաշենքը բացեց դռները". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019.
- Markarian, O. S. (October 1947). "Архитектура Советской Армении ". Arkhitektura i stroitelstvo (in Russian). 12: 14.
В годы войны и в послевоенный период создано большое число превосходных по идее и художественному качеству произведений. Это прежде всего Матенадарана...
- Babayan, Levon ; Zoryan, Levon ; Hakhverdyan, Levon , eds. (1982). "Երևանի ճարտարապետական անսամբլների մի քանի հարցերի մասին (1953) ". Ռաֆայել Իսրայելյան. Հոդվածներ, ուսումնասիրություններ, ակնարկներ [Rafael Israelyan: Articles, Studies, Essays] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Sovetakan ghrogh. p. 75.
- Tigranyan, E. A. (1975). "К вопросу об оценке архитектурного наследия А. Таманяна [On the issue of evaluating the architectural heritage of A. Tamanyan]". Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Russian). 11 (11): 68. (archived PDF)
- Grigoryan, Artsvin G. ; Tovmasyan, Martin L. . Архитекутра Советской Армении (in Russian). Moscow: Stroyizdat. p. 103.
- Harutyunyan, V. M.; Hovhannisyan, K. L. (1955). Архитектура Советской Армении. Краткий очерк [Architecture of Soviet Armenia. Brief Outline] (PDF) (in Russian). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 143-145.
Проект Матенадарана как во внешней архитектуре, так и в оформлении интерьеров широко использует скульптуру и роспись, ставя перед собой задачу использования традиций национального зодчества. Автор, однако, несколько механически подошел к решению этой задачи, почти без изменения заимствуя формы некоторых средневековых армянских памятников.
- Yaralov, Yuri (1971). Национальное и интернациональное в советской архитектуре (in Russian). Stroyizdat. pp. 212-213.
- Sandro Sarkavag (1959). "Համառոտ լուրեր Մայր Հայրենիքից [Brief news from the Fatherland]". Etchmiadzin (in Armenian). 16 (5): 61.
Նոր Մատենադարանի շենքը հայ ճարտարապետության նորագույն նվաճումներից մեկն է։ = The new building of the Matenadaran is one of the latest achievements of Armenian architecture.
- Saryan, Martiros (1968). "The Gift of Wonder". Soviet Life: 37.
...the majestic Matenadaran building.
- Terzian, Aram (1969). An Armenian miscellany: Window on history. Paris: Librairie Orientale H. Samuelian. p. 200.
At Erivan the Matenadaran occupies a magnificent building...
- Daiches, Lionel (1960). Russians at Law. London: M. Joseph. p. 95.
...the new Matenadaran, still incomplete... This new building I thought noble in design and possessed of great architectural dignity.
- originally published in «Уроки Армении» ; Bitov, Andrei (1996). "Уроки Армении ". Империя в четырёх измерениях III: Кавказский пленник [The Empire in Four Dimensions III: Caucasian Captive] (PDF) (in Russian). Kharkov: Folio. pp. 28–30. ISBN 5-7150-0351-2. Archived from the original on 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
Если многое считается замечательным в современной армянской архитектуре, то Матенадаран — самый замечательный пример этого «замечательного».
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Lottman, Herbert R. (29 February 1976). "Despite Ages of Captivity, The Armenians Persevere". The New York Times. p. 287.
- Abramian, L. A. (October 1990). "Chaos and Cosmos in the Structure of Mass Popular Demonstrations (The Karabakh Movement in the Eyes of an Ethnographer)". Soviet Anthropology and Archeology. 29 (2): 70–86. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959290270. ISSN 0038-528X.
- Gregorian, Vartan (2003). The Road to Home: My Life and Times. Simon and Schuster. pp. 178-179. ISBN 9781439129111.
- ^ Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3.
- Arlen, Michael J. (1982). Exiles; Passage to Ararat. Penguin Books. p. 115.; Passage to Ararat first published in 1975 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux
- Mohl, Max (1968). Toi, toi, toi, Towarischtsch: Reisen and Reflexionen in der Sowjetunion (in German). Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Sachbuchverlag. p. 259. ISBN 978-3-925761-40-9.
- Richter, Erich (1986). "Das Matenadaran" (PDF). Mitteilungsblatt (in German). 36. Bonn: Association of Libraries of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: 424-427. ISSN 0042-3629. Archived from the original on 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Mikhailov, Nikolai (1988). A Book About Russia - In the Union Of Equals - Descriptions, Impressions, The Memorable. Moscow: Progress Publishers. p. 111. ISBN 978-5010017941.
- Serebryakov, Konstantin. (1974). Симфония в камне (Symphony in Stone). (Moscow: Progress); quoted in Baliozian, Ara (1979). Armenia Observed. New York: Ararat Press. p. 166. ISBN 9780933706101.
- Ganiyeva, Alisa (2 February 2014). "И пристали к Арарату". Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023.
грандиозного рукописного хранилища Матенадаран
- Shaginyan, Marietta (1952). Путешествие по Советской Армении (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetsky Pisatel. p. 235.
строгие, увенчанные скульптурой стены рукописехранилища («Матенадарана»)
- Voskeritchian, Taline (1999). "The Eyes of Yerevan". Agni (49): 11–24. ISSN 1046-218X.
...the Matenadaran itself, austere and huge...
- Brook, Stephen (1993). Claws of the Crab: Georgia and Armenia in Crisis. London: Trafalgar Square Publishing. p. 172. ISBN 978-1856191616.
- Hovannisian, Richard (March 1963). "The Mesrob Mashdotz Manuscript Center" (PDF). The Armenian Review. XVI (1–61): 36-40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-09-10.
- "Մատենադարան. Ձեռագրերի գաղտնիքները /Խորհրդավոր մատենադարան/" (in Armenian). Armenian Public TV. 19 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. at 13:00
- Traina, Giusto (2004). "Mythes fondateurs et lieux de memoire de L'Armenie pre-chretienne (I)". Iran & the Caucasus (in French). 8 (2): 169–181. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 4030990.
- ^ Stepanian, Ruzanna (20 September 2011). "Armenia Expands Famous Manuscript Repository". azatutyun.am. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019.
- ^ Hakhverdyan, Nune (23 September 2008). "Մատենադարանի նոր մասնաշենքը [New building of Matenadaran]". 168.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 28 October 2024.
- ^ Danielian, Gayane (19 September 2011). "Մատենադարանի նոր գիտական համալիրը' հայագիտության զարգացման խթան". azatutyun.am (in Armenian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019.
- "Կատարվեց Մատենադարանի նոր մասնաշենքի հիմնարկեքը [The foundation stone for the new building of the Matenadaran was laid]" (PDF). Etchmiadzin (in Armenian). 65 (5): 9–10. 2009. (archived PDF)
- ^ "President Serzh Sargsyan attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the new extension building of the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran". president.am. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
- "Landmark museum building opens in Armenia". The Independent. Agence France-Presse. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019.
- "President Serzh Sargsyan attended the ceremony of inauguration of the research compound of Matenadaran". president.am. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019.
- Gross, Eugenie and Jeffrey (1976). The Soviet Union: A Guide for Travelers. New York: Harper & Row. p. 255.
- Karanian, Matthew; Kurkjian, Robert (2002). Edge of Time: Traveling in Armenia and Karabagh. Stone Garden Productions. p. 85. ISBN 9780967212029.
- ""Каждая эпоха таит подделки"". Ogoniok (in Russian). Kommersant. 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023.
экспонаты из легендарного Матенадарана
- Tikhomirov, M. N. (1961). "Об охране и изучении письменных богатств нашей страны ". Voprosy Istorii (in Russian) (4): 64.
- "Մատենադարանում [In Matenadaran]" (PDF). Sovetakan Hayastan Monthly (in Armenian) (3). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Committee for Cultural Relations with the Armenians Abroad: 34–35. 1975. ISSN 0131-6834. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-08-30.
Ամեն տարի Մատենադարան են այցելում 40-50 հազար հյուրեր, զբոսաշրջիկներ...
- "90.000 visitors in 2016: Geography of tourists visited Armenia's Matenadaran expands". Armenpress. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
- "Soviet Union: Domestic Affairs". Daily Report (231). Foreign Broadcast Information Service: B13. 30 November 1970.
- "From Indira Gandhi to Belgian royals, Yerevan's treasure Matenadaran boasts A-List visitors". Armenpress. 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 6 February 2019.
- "President Vladimir Putin visited the Matenadaran depository of mediaeval Armenian manuscripts". kremlin.ru. 15 September 2001. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
- "Բարոզոն այցելեց Մատենադարան". panorama.am (in Armenian). 1 December 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
- "Prince Charles Visiting Armenia". RFE/RL. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020.
- "President of the Republic of Serbia Boris Tadic visits the museum of ancient manuscripts Matenadaran". Photolure. 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
- "Italian President visits Matenadaran with daughter". Armenpress. 30 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019.
- "Լեհաստանի նախագահ Բրոնիսլավ Կոմորովսկին այցելել է Մատենադարան". matenadaran.am (in Armenian). 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021.
- "Ավստրիայի նախագահ Հայնց Ֆիշերն այցելեց Մատենադարան" (in Armenian). PanARMENIAN.Net. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "Լատվիայի նախագահ Վ.Զատլերսը տիկնոջ հետ այցելեց Մատենադարան" (in Armenian). Armenpress. 11 December 2009. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022.
- "Bulgarian President Rumen Radev visits Matenadaran". Armenpress. 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022.
- ""This shows the Armenian people's power", Greek President after touring Yerevan's Matenadaran". Armenpress. 6 November 2019. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019.
- Coulie 2014, p. 26.
- Stone, Michael E. (1969). "The Manuscript Library of the Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem". Israel Exploration Journal. 19 (1): 20–43. JSTOR 27925161.
- Hewsen, Robert H. (1968). "Science in Seventh-Century Armenia: Ananias of Sirak". Isis. 59 (1). History of Science Society: 40. doi:10.1086/350333. JSTOR 227850. S2CID 145014073.
- ^ Arevshatyan, S. S. (1974). "Матенадаран ". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). online
- ""Վեհամոր Ավետարանը"". 168.am (in Armenian). 23 March 2018. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
- ^ Siekierski, Konrad (2014). ""One Nation, One Faith, One Church": The Armenian Apostolic Church and the Ethno-Religion in Post Soviet Armenia". In Agadjanian, Alexander (ed.). Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice. London: Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 9781317178576.
- "Փրկված գրքեր. Շուրիշկանի Ավետարան". mediamax.am (in Armenian). 12 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019.
- "Շուխոնց հրաշագործ Ավետարանը կտարվի Օշական" (in Armenian). Armenpress. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022.
- "Museum Complex of the Matenadaran". matenadaran.am. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018.
- "Մայր ցուցակ հայերէն ձեռագրաց մաշտոցեան մատենադարանի". matenadaran.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2020.
- "Banber Matenadarani (Herald of the Matenadaran)". matenadaran.am.
- Nersessian, Vrej (1993). Armenia (World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 163). Oxford: Clio Press. p. 230.
- "ԹՎԱՅԻՆ ՌԵՍՈՒՐՍՆԵՐ: Բանբեր Մատենադարանի". banber.matenadaran.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- "ԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՆՅՈՒԹԵՐԻ ԺՈՂՈՎԱԾՈՒ & ԲԱՆԲԵՐ ՄԱՏԵՆԱԴԱՐԱՆԻ". tert.nla.am (in Armenian). National Library of Armenia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- Dédéyan, Gérard (1982). Histoire des Arméniens (in French). Privat. p. 16.
La Bibliothèque des manuscrits anciens publie tous les deux ans un recuell, Banber Maténadarani (« Le Messager du Maténadaran »), où sont rassemblés surtout les travaux de ses chercheurs.
- Garsoian, Nina (2005). "Armenian historiography in crisis". In Straw, Carole; Lim, Richard (eds.). The Past Before Us: The Challenge of Historiographies of Late Antiquity. Brepols Publishers. p. 52. ISBN 9782503514567.
The State Library of Ancient Manuscripts also publishes irregularly since 1954 an important journal Banber Matenadarani , of which seventeen volumes have appeared to date.
- Matiossian, Vartan (Winter 2005). "Against All Odds: Armenian Studies in Armenia Today" (PDF). Ararat Quarterly. XLVI (181). Armenian General Benevolent Union: 37-42. (archived PDF)
- Lashuk, L. P. (1972). "Народы Советского Союза ". Советский Союз Советский Союз: Общий обзор (in Russian). Moscow: Mysl. p. 442.
Предметом национальной гордости армян является Матенадаран — хранилище древних рукописей мирового значения. = A source of national pride for Armenians is the Matenadaran – a repository of ancient manuscripts of global significance.
- "Материалы семинара Центра россиеведения ". Социальная память в институциональном измерении: постсоветский архив [Social Memory in the Institutional Dimension: The Post-Soviet Archive] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2010. p. 55.
В.Ю. Афиани: Мы сразу стали для него уважаемыми людьми. Потому что Матенадаран для армян связан с национальной памятью – исполняет роль хранилища национального наследия, национального архива.
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The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) was granted the status of "National Value" of the Republic of Armenia in 2013, by the decree of the RA government. BAO is one of the 3 RA National Values together with Matenadaran and Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute.
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Ազգային արժեք ներկայացնող գիտական օբյեկտների պահպանություն
(on the government website)
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Abrahamian 2006, pp. 87, 310.
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Пожалуй , самое уникальное хранилище рукописей во всем мире — ереванский Матенадаран....
- Akopyan, T. Kh. (1977). Очерк истории Еревана (in Russian). Yerevan University Press. p. 414.
Матенадаран имени Месропа Маштоца — одно из уникальных собраний древних рукописей и напоминает по своему характеру древнейшую библиотеку египетской Александрии, в которой хранилось около полмилиона рукописей и которая вместе с книгохранилищем представляла музей и центр науки.
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- "Մատենադարանի տնօրեն է ընտրվել Արայիկ Խզմալյանը" [Arayik Khzmalyan has been elected director of the Matenadaran]. Hetq. 18 July 2023.
- Bardakjian, Kevork B., ed. (2000). A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500-1920: With an Introductory History. Wayne State University Press. p. 342. ISBN 9780814327470.
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- "Mrs. Nouneh Sarkissian". president.am. Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia.
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- Zurcher, Christoph (2009). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus. NYU Press. p. 161. ISBN 9780814797242.
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- Mikaelian, Vardges (1983). "Ասատուր Մնացականյան [Asatur Mnatsakanian]". Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Armenian). 7 (7): 100–101.
Bibliography
- Grigorian, M. V. (1960). "Մատենադարանի շենքի կառուցման մասին [On construction of the Matenadaran building]" (PDF). Banber Matenadarani (in Armenian). 5: 9–20. Archived from the original on 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Coulie, Bernard (2014). "Collections and Catalogues of Armenian Manuscripts". In Calzolari, Valentina (ed.). Armenian Philology in the Modern Era: From Manuscript to Digital Text. Brill Publishers. pp. 23–64. ISBN 978-90-04-25994-2.
- Abrahamian, Levon (2006). Armenian Identity In A Changing World. Mazda Publishers. ISBN 9781568591858.
Further reading
- Hirsch, David (2010). "Matenadaran". In Suarez, Michael F.; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Book. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199570140.
- Grigorian, Mark (1945). "Մատենադարանի նախագիծը [The Design of the Matenadaran]". Etchmiadzin (in Armenian). 2 (1–2): 50–52.
- Ayvazyan, Hovhannes, ed. (2012). "Մատենադարան ". Հայաստան Հանրագիտարան (in Armenian). National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. pp. 736-739.
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