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Banate of Macsó Banate of Mačva Macsói bánság Banatus Machoviensis Мачванска бановина Mačvanska banovina
Banate of the Kingdom of Hungary
1254–1284 1319–1496
The Banate of Macsó in 1490
History
• Established	1254
• Disestablished	1496
Preceded by Succeeded by Theme of Sirmium Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) Sanjak of Zvornik
Today part of	Serbia

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The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of Mačva (Hungarian: macsói bánság, Serbian: Мачванска бановина / Mačvanska banovina) was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day region of Mačva, in modern Serbia.

Name

In Serbo-Croatian: Mačvanska banovina (Serbian Cyrillic: Мачванска бановина), Latin: Banatus Machoviensis, Hungarian: Macsói bánság.

History

The region of Mačva or Macsó came under Hungarian administration shortly after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1180), but it was returned to emperor Isaac II Angelos upon conclusion of Byzantine-Hungarian alliance (1185). It was retaken by Hungarians (c. 1200) and later administered as part of the feudal domain of duke John Angelos of Syrmia. During that time, the region of Mačva was also known as the Lower Syrmia (lat. Sirmia ulterior).

Rostislav Mikhailovich was mentioned among the dignitaries of Béla IV as Ban of Slavonia in 1247, and from 1254 onward he was mentioned as the Duke of Macsó (in Latin, dux de Macho). This was the first mention of the Banate of Macsó. The banate was named after a town called Macsó (Mačva or Macho), but the location of this settlement has not been clearly established in modern times. It is suspected that the town existed a few kilometers down the river from modern Šabac.

The Banate of Macsó was ruled by several powerful bans. In the 13th century, Béla of Macsó (grandson of Hungarian king Béla IV and son of Rostislav Mikhailovich) ruled the Banate of Macsó as well as Usora and Soli (areas across Drina river in today's northeastern Bosnia).

Macsó soon become apple of discord between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbia. King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia tried to conquer it in 1268, but was defeated and captured by the Hungarians. In 1284, King Stephen Dragutin of Serbia, son of Uroš I, married Catherine of Hungary and received Macsó from King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.

Late Arpadian era

Further Hungarian expansion in the Balkans was interrupted by the Tatar invasion, the Hungarian rule in Cumania ceased, but the Banate of Szörény remained. The Balkan region only became the focus of Hungarian foreign policy after 1246-1247. The temporary confusion was resolved, and the duchy continued to exist for nearly forty years after the Tartar invasion. After the death of Stephen V, the strengthening of the defensive character seems to have been decisive, and six new fiefdoms were established between Croatia and the Banate of Szörény. During the Interregnum after the death of Andrew III, the power-gap let Bulgarians and Serbs to became the rulers of the region, and the Wallachians, who were in the course of becoming a nationality.

Post Arpadian Era

Since the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, Stephen Dragutin ruled an independent kingdom centered in Macsó, which also included regions of Usora and Soli in northern Bosnia, as well as Belgrade, Rudnik and Braničevo. This kingdom was known as the Kingdom of Syrmia (Srem) and Stephen Dragutin ruled it as king until his death in 1316.

Macsó remained in the hands of Dragutin's son Stephen Vladislaus II until 1319. The northern part of the region along the river Sava was captured by King Charles I of Hungary while the southern part remained firmly under Serbian administration.

In the 14th century, the bans of the Garai family (Paul I Garai, Nicholas I Garai and his son Nicholas II Garai) expanded their rule not only to Bosnia but also to Upper Syrmia and the last one also became the ban of Slavonia and Croatia, which were also parts of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time.

In the 1370s it was captured by Serbian Prince Lazar who in 1377–1378 donated several villages in Macsó to his newly founded monastery of Ravanica. Lazars's son despot Stefan Lazarević was officially granted with possession of Macsó by King Sigismund of Hungary in 1403 as a vassal of the Hungarian ruler. The territory got back to Hungary with Lazarević's death (1427). The Hungarian bans of Macsó existed during this period as well but only as titular holders and the title of ban was usually granted to the ispáns (counts) of southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary.

The territory was conquered by the Ottomans around 1459, after the fall of the Serbian Despotate. The region was regained for the Kingdom of Hungary in 1476, when the fortress of Zaslon (modern Šabac) was taken. By the end of the 15th century, title of ban was transferred to commanders of Belgrade, thus creating the Banate of Belgrade, that existed until final Ottoman conquest of Belgrade and Šabac in 1521.

Administrative divisions

According to the Treaty of Tata in 1426 Macsó was divided into several districts:

• Bitva (Bytthwa),
• Gornja and Donja Obna (Felsewatna and Alsowatna),
• Rađevina (Radio, Ragy),
• Nepričava (Neprichow),
• Ljig (Ligh),
• Kolubara (Collubara),
• Ub (Ubmelek),
• Tamnava (Tamlavamelek),
• Rabas,
• Pepeljevac,
• Debrc,
• Beljin,
• Toplica and
• castle of Bela Stena (castle) near present-day Valjevo.

Population

The population was mostly Serb and Orthodox, seen in a letter of pope Gregory IX dating 1229, where the pope had ordered the Archbishop of Kalocsa to convert the Orthodox Slavs in Lower Syrmia to the Roman rite.

List of bans

See also

• Mačva
• Banate of Barancs

References

1. Virgil Ciocîltan. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
2. Moravcsik 1970, p. 94.
3. Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc. Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század).
4. W. Kovács, András (2015). "A Wass család cegei levéltára (Lappangó középkori oklevelek a nagyszebeni Brukenthal-gyűjteményben. Levéltár-történeti adatok)". Certamen. 2: 194–216. doi:10.51384/cert-02.18. ISSN 2393-4328.
5. Momčilo Spremić, Despot Đurađ Branković i Mačvanska banovina, Beograd 2005, 92-94.
6. Krstić 2016, p. 33–51.
7. Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 243-260.
8. Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 372-394.
9. G.Fejer, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, t.X, v. VI, Budae 1844, 809-813.
10. T.Smiciklas, Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, III, Zagreb 1905, 305-306. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
11. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 50.
12. ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 51.
13. ^ Engel 1996, p. 27.
14. ^ Engel 1996, p. 28.
15. ^ Engel 1996, p. 29.
16. ^ Engel 1996, p. 30.
17. ^ Engel 1996, p. 31.
18. ^ Markó 2006, p. 446.

Sources

• Bárány, Attila (2020). "The Relations of King Emeric and Andrew II of Hungary with the Balkan States". Stefan the First-Crowned and His Time. Belgrade: Institute of History. pp. 213–249. ISBN 9788677431396.
• Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. ISBN 9782825119587.
• Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
• (in Hungarian) Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
• Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439776.
• Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) . The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472081497.
• Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994) . The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472082604.
• Fodor, Pál; Dávid, Géza, eds. (2000). Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9004119078.
• Font, Márta (2020). "Rostislav, Dominus de Macho". Stefan the First-Crowned and His Time. Belgrade: Institute of History. pp. 309–326. ISBN 9788677431396.
• Isailović, Neven (2016). "Living by the Border: South Slavic Marcher Lords in the Late Medieval Balkans (13th–15th Centuries)". Banatica. 26 (2): 105–117.
• Ivanović, Miloš; Isailović, Neven (2015). "The Danube in Serbian-Hungarian Relations in the 14th and 15th Centuries". Tibiscvm: Istorie–Arheologie. 5: 377–393.
• Jireček, Constantin (1911). Geschichte der Serben. Vol. 1. Gotha: Perthes.
• Jireček, Constantin (1918). Geschichte der Serben. Vol. 2. Gotha: Perthes.
• Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2016). "The Rival and the Vassal of Charles Robert of Anjou: King Vladislav II Nemanjić". Banatica. 26 (2): 33–51.
• McDaniel, Gordon L. (1984). "On Hungarian-Serbian Relations in the Thirteenth Century: John Angelos and Queen Jelena" (PDF). Ungarn-Jahrbuch. 12 (1982-1983): München, 1984: 43–50.
• (in Hungarian) Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
• Moravcsik, Gyula (1970). Byzantium and the Magyars. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
• Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389-1526. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9789004375659.
• Ternovácz, Bálint (2017). "A macsói és barancsi területek története 1319-ig ". In Fábián, Laura; et al. (eds.). Micae Mediaevales VI (in Hungarian). Eötvös Loránd University. pp. 227–240. ISBN 978-963-284-826-6.
• Vasin, Dejana (2019). "Natural Conditions as a Factor of Urbanization of the Lower Posavina in the Middle Ages". Istraživanja: Journal of Historical Researches. 30 (30): 45–68. doi:10.19090/i.2019.30.45-68.
• (in Hungarian) Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3

External links

• Map

• States and territories established in 1254
• States and territories disestablished in the 1490s
• Mačva
• Banates of the Kingdom of Hungary
• 13th century in Serbia
• 14th century in Serbia
• 15th century in Serbia