Misplaced Pages

Battle of Derna (2018–2019)
Part of the Siege of Derna of the Second Libyan Civil War
Map of the territorial changes during the operation, up until 28 June 2018.
Date 7 May 2018 – 12 February 2019 (9 months and 5 days) Location Derna, Libya32°46′N 22°38′E / 32.767°N 22.633°E / 32.767; 22.633 Result Libyan National Army victory Territorial changes Derna is captured by the Tobruk Government
Belligerents
House of Representatives SLM/A-Minnawi Supported by:  United Arab Emirates  France (allegedly)  Egypt	Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna (until May 11) Derna Protection Force (since May 11) Al-Qaeda Al-Mourabitoun	ISIL (limited involvement)
Commanders and leaders
FM. Khalifa Haftar Col. Salem al-Rafadi Brig. Abdul Hamid Werrfali † Mahmoud al-Werfalli Wanis Bukhamada Abdul Salam Al-Haassi Salah Al Ebeidi	Ateyah Al-Shaari (DPF leader) Omar Suroor † Ibrahim al-Hals  Hamad al-Maleki  Abdulsalam al-Awami † Abi Buzaid al-Shulwi † Amin al-Kabayli ("al-Abras") † al-Naji Idris † Abu Sufian bin Qumu (POW) Muftah al-Ghweil Yehya Usta Omar  (POW) Hesham Ashmawy (POW) Adnan Al-Shaari † Mohammed Dango † Mohammed Al-Mansouri (DPF spokesman) †	Mohamed Fathi Al-Jamayel
Units involved
Libyan National Army (Omar al-Mukhtar Operations Room) Al-Saiqa 36th Brigade 210th Battalion Egyptian Army (allegedly) Directorate-General for External Security	Abu Salim Battalion	unknown
Strength
At least 4 battalions (5 June 2018)	Unknown (Initially) 50–60 (HOR estimate, 14 June 2018) 46 (12 February 2019)	unknown
Casualties and losses
20 killed 35 wounded (31 May 2018)	100 killed 100 captured (LNA claim, 31 May 2018)	unknown
17 civilians killed, 30 wounded Approximately 19,270 civilians displaced

The Battle of Derna was a military campaign by the Libyan National Army to recapture the city of Derna from the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna, which lasted from 7 May 2018 until 12 February 2019. The majority of military operations concluded by 28 June 2018, with the Libyan National Army declaring control of the entire city on that day, despite continued clashes in the old city. During the early stages of the battle, the Shura Council was dissolved and replaced with the Derna Protection Force, which continued operations after the LNA declared victory in June 2018, before surrendering at the end of the battle.

Background

On 5 October 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took control of the city of Derna. An uprising in June 2015 by the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna, however, resulted in their expulsion from large parts of the city. Though clashes continued, ISIL had withdrawn by April 2016. In August 2016, the Libyan National Army began a siege of the city, which was tightened in 2017 following the Shura Council's execution of an air colonel whose plane was shot down near the town. While being ruled by the Shura Council, Derna served as center for al-Qaeda militants, most notably Hesham Ashmawy's Al-Mourabitoun network, which regularly launched attacks against Egypt from Libya.

Battle

On 7 May 2018, Field Marshall Khalifa Haftar declared that the peace efforts in Derna had reached a dead end, announcing a "Zero Hour" for the "liberation of Derna". In a speech delivered at a military parade in Benghazi, Haftar declared that his army was targeting enemy hideouts. Subsequently, the LNA entered Derna and clashed in the Al-Fatayeh district, losing 7 fighters and several military vehicles. The military warned local residents of the need to observe security measures, and in particular, called on the civilian population not to approach the militants' positions in the city. The next day, Mansour Al-Hasadi, a member of the High Council of State, called for international protection of civilians in the city of Derna, pointing towards the large number of families who had to flee their homes in the district of Fatayeh in search of another safe place in the city. The same day, the LNA captured east of Derna, as well as some major high ground.

On 9 May, the High Council of State renewed its call to end the Battle of Derna, calling for the Presidential Council, the parliament and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya to intervene.

On 11 May, the Leader of the Shura Council, Ateyah Al-Shaari, dissolved the Shura Council of Mujihadeen in Derna and replaced it with the Derna Protection Force.

On 15 May, Human Rights Watch reported that civilians were endangered by the attack on Derna.

On 16 May, the Derna Protection Force claimed to repel LNA assaults on the Fatayeh and Dahr Homer fronts, south of the city, and claimed to have seized six military vehicles in addition to arms and ammunition.

On 18 May, the LNA was working on dismantling the external defense lines of the terrorists inside the city – putting heavy pressure on the militants, who did not have a choice but to leave their hideouts and become an easy target for the army.

On 22 May, The LNA announcer that Brigadier Abdul Hamid Werrfali, Commander of the 36th Brigade, had died in clashes southwest of Derna. The next day, Haftar announced that the LNA will intensify its offensive on the far eastern port city of Derna until it gained full control of the area.

On 24 May, Haftar announced that the LNA was "near victory". The same day, 2 LNA troops were killed by a car bombing, which was claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

On 26 May, Egypt bombed DPF positions, joining the battle in support of the LNA.

On 28 May, the LNA seized two suburbs in south-western Derna.

On 29 May, the LNA took control of the western entrance to Derna. The same day, the Derna Protection Force withdrew from the Al-Fatayeh district to the east of the city.

On 30 May, a water desalination plant in Derna stopped working as a result of the war.

On 3 June, The LNA clashed in the Sahel Sahrqi neighborhood. The next day, the LNA captured the Shiha and Bab Tobruk districts.

By 5 June, the LNA was advancing with four battalions into Derna, with 2 from each side, and was bolstered by the Al-Saiqa brigade. At this time, the LNA had seized 75% of Derna.

On 9 June and 10 June, the LNA said it had advanced in the district of Sheiha after hitting it with multiple air strikes, to the edge of Al Maghar in central Derna. LNA spokesman Ahmed al-Mismari also stated that the combat zone was now "less than just 10 km squared."

On 11 June, it was reported that several districts in Derna had been seized by the LNA, with only a few pockets of resistance remaining in the eastern part of the city. Many news outlets then reported that the battle was nearing its end. On 12 June, the LNA was attacked by 2 suicide bombers, the second of whom killed 2 fighters and wounded 3 others. On 13 June, The Libya Observer released a video of 2 unarmed men in civilian clothes being tortured and executed by the LNA.

On 14 June, Saleh Faraj, an officer patrolling areas under LNA control, stated that only "50 or 60 remnant" fighters of the DPF were still in Derna, and that they were now holed up in the central district of the city. He also stated that the DPF had planted explosives and deployed snipers. On 18 June, Abu Sufian bin Qumu, Osama bin Laden's former driver, was captured by the LNA. On 20 June, a suicide bomber killed 4 Libyan security force members, After heading towards them with a white flag. On 24 June, Looting, robberies and assaults on properties by the LNA forced tens of families to flee from the Bab Tobruk and Sahel areas.

On 26 June, while the LNA was fighting for the "last remaining meters" of Derna, LNA spokesman Ahmed al-Mismari stated that most of the terrorist commanders had been killed or captured within the last few days. Although he was unable to confirm the death of Ateyah Al-Shaari, The leader of the Derna Protection Forces, He was able to confirm the "neutralization" of a different commander, Muftah al-Ghweil.

On 27 June, UNICEF sent a thousand hygiene kits to Derna, which should benefit about five thousand people, including children.

On 28 June, al-Qaeda's media organizer Abu Safana Ben Kama was detained by the LNA. Later on the same day, the LNA also managed to take control of the Al-Maghar district, capturing the entire city of Derna. By the end of the day, the LNA had declared victory.

After the LNA declared victory, celebrations erupted in Derna. Some began chanting, while others while honked their car horns in celebration and flashed the victory sign as army forces were seen keeping order on the streets. Khalifa Haftar was quoted as saying "After a bitter struggle and enormous sacrifices, today our date is renewed with victory while it marks the date of defeat for the terrorists". Between 7 and 31 May, The Libyan National Army suffered 20 killed and 35 wounded, while the Shura council suffered 100 killed and 100 captured. Approximately 19,270 civilians were displaced.

However, fighting in the old city continued for the following several months. In July and September, the Derna Protection Force clashed with the LNA. On 11 February 2019, the LNA declared the end of military operations in Derna, after they had retaken the entire city. On 12 February, the 46 remaining fighters of the Derna Protection Force (DPF) surrendered themselves to the LNA, marking the dissolution of the group.

Aftermath, it was revealed that the french DGSE Action Division, fought in the city alongside Haftar forces, with between 35 and 60 operators on the ground conducting raids and covering LNA troops with heavy mortars and counter sniper team.

Reactions

Supranational

•  United Nations: Spokeswoman Elizabeth Throssell from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said, "We are deeply alarmed at the escalating risks to the population", and added, "There have been increasing allegations that civilians have been arbitrarily detained, while others have been prevented from leaving the city".

States

•  Italy: The Italian Embassy to Libya stated that it agreed with UNSMIL and called for de-escalation of the conflict, and that it was ready to provide humanitarian aid.
•  United Arab Emirates: The UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Anwar Gargash, praised the capture of Derna. He wrote on Twitter that "The complete liberation of the city of Darna from terrorism is a positive step in the elimination of terrorism in brotherly Libya".

See also

• Derna campaign (2014–2016)
• Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)
• Battle of Sirte (2016)
• Battle of Marawi

Notes

1. Ateyah Al-Shaari was reported as killed on 26 June, but this could not be confirmed by the Libyan National Army.
2. Muftah al-Ghweil was reported "neutralized" on 26 June.

References

1. Safa Alharath (17 June 2018). "Sudanese rebels are fighting alongside Dignity Operation in Libya's Derna". Libya Observer. Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
2. "UAE drone air attacks Derna in east Libya". alnabaa.tv. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
3. Longeray, Pierre (2016-02-24). "French Special Forces and Spies Might Be Secretly Fighting the Islamic State in Libya | VICE News". News.vice.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
4. ^ "Egyptian warplanes conduct airstrikes on Libya's Derna". Libyan Express - Libya News, Opinion, Analysis and Latest Updates from Libya. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
5. ^ "Video: Egyptian soldiers fighting in Derna alongside Haftar's armed groups". Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
6. ^ "Derna Shura Council dissolves into Derna Security Force – The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
7. "Libya: Derna Shura Council dissolved into Derna Security Force". Libyan Express. 2018-05-12. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
8. Zelin, Aaron Y. "New video message from Majlis Shūrā al-Mujāhidīn Darnah's Aṭīyah Sa'īd al-Shā'rī: "After Ḥaftar .. Darnah Protection Force"". Jihadology.net. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
9. ^ "Egyptian officials confirm arrest of terrorist Hisham El-Ashmawy in Libya". Ahram Online. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
10. ^ "Five terrorists turn themselves in to Libya Army: Sabra – Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
11. "Islamic State claims bombing in Libya that killed 2 – Africa". Stripes. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
12. "Libya's Haftar announces launch of operation to liberate Derna – Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 7 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
13. ^ libyaanalysis (2019-02-13). "Eye On Jihadis in Libya Weekly Update: February 12". Retrieved 2019-03-28.
14. Derna ’entirely liberated’ from militants: Derna Security Directorate
15. ^ "Dignity Operation suffer casualties as they attempt to advance on Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
16. "IS-affiliate Egyptian terrorist arrested in Libya – Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 10 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
17. ^ "Khalifa Haftar's militias commit summary execution in Derna – The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
18. "'We Don't Need Derna Anymore': What the Battle for Derna Means for Libya's Future". Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
19. "LNA claims it is now in control of 75 percent of Derna". 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
20. "Libyan army enters Derna". 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
21. "Speciale difesa: Libia, ucciso il capo del Consiglio della Shura dei mujahideen di Derna". Agenzia Nova. 2010-01-19. Archived from the original on 2018-06-27. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
22. ^ "Libya's Haftar to Announce Derna Liberation as LNA Places Oil Ports in Benghazi Control | Asharq AL-awsat". Aawsat.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
23. ^ "Libyan army air raid kills Egyptian al-Qaeda leader in Derna". Al Arabiya English. 10 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-30. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
24. ^ Jamal Jawhar (4 August 2018). "Libya: Army Fights Sleeper Cells in Liberated Derna". aawsat.com. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
25. "Libyan army arrests former bin Laden driver Abu Sufian bin Qumu in Derna". Al Arabiya English. 17 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-30. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
26. "Derna security chief captured by rival force in east Libya". 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
27. ^ "Haftar's forces say seized Libya's Derna as they mutilate opponents' dead bodies | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
28. Cite error: The named reference libyaherald2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
29. ^ "Libyan army pushes into militia-controlled Derna". The National. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
30. "Forces under Libya's Haftar say they're close to taking final..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
31. "Eye on Jihadis in Libya Weekly Update: February 12".
32. ^ "Neighbourhoods hit and supplies cut in Libya's Derna, UN says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
33. Miles, Tom (31 May 2018). "Neighborhoods hit and supplies cut in Libya's Derna, U.N. says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
34. "Arab human rights group voices concern over Derna offensive – The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-06-16. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
35. ^ International Organization for Migration (2018-06-14). "DTM Libya – Derna Flash Update (14 June 2018) – Libya | ReliefWeb". Reliefweb.int. Archived from the original on 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
36. "Haftar announces "zero hour" to attack Derna in east Libya – Libyan Express". www.libyanexpress.com. 7 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
37. "The army of Libya have detained one of the most influential leaders of "al-Qaeda" media | The Koz Telegram". Ktelegram.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-07-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
38. "Forces of Libya's east-based warlord bombard Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
39. "How a Libyan City Joined the Islamic State Group". ABC News. 9 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-11-18. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
40. "Libyan Islamists claim to drive Islamic State from port stronghold". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
41. al-Warfalli, Ayman. "Islamic State in retreat around east Libyan city: military". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
42. "Haftar forces seize women in Libya's Derna in push for surrender". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
43. "UN says it is concerned about LNA siege of Derna |". www.libyaherald.com. 6 August 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
44. Thomas, Joscelyn; Weiss, Caleb (23 July 2015). "Former Egyptian special forces officer leads Al Mourabitoun". Long War Journal. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
45. "EXLCLUSIVE: New details on Hisham Ashmawy, alleged terrorist behind Oasis Operation – Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
46. "Haftar announces "zero hour" to attack Derna in east Libya - Libyan Express". www.libyanexpress.com. 7 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
47. "Libyan army commander declares 'zero hour' for campaign to take city of Derna - The Globe and Mail". www.theglobeandmail.com/. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
48. "Seven fighters from Libya east forces killed as fighting gets heavy in Derna - The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
49. "Libyan Military Chief Haftar Announces Offensive to Take Derna". Retrieved 2018-05-08.
50. "HCS member Al-Hasadi denounces attack on Derna - The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
51. "Forces of Libyan Military Chief Haftar Liberate East of Derna From Terrorists". Retrieved 2018-05-08.
52. "Libyan National Army captures high ground outside Derna". 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
53. "High Council of State renews call to end war on Derna - The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
54. Al-awsat, Asharq. "Libya's High State Council Urges End to Derna Military Campaign". aawsat.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
55. "Human Rights Watch says civilians are endangered by Dignity Operation attack on Derna - The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
56. "Derna Protection Force repels attack by Dignity Operation | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
57. Al-awsat, Asharq. "Haftar Fortifies His Naval Fleet, Consolidates Presence in Derna". aawsat.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
58. "Dignity Operation suffer casualties as they attempt to advance on Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
59. "Libya's Haftar in full force to take over Derna from 'terrorists' - The National". www.thenational.ae. 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-23. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
60. "Haftar Says Derna Liberation is Close | Asharq AL-awsat". Aawsat.com. 2018-05-24. Archived from the original on 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
61. "Clashes intensify in east Libya as car bomb kills two". OODA Loop. 2018-05-25. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
62. "Islamic State claims bombing in Libya that killed 2 - Africa". Stripes. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
63. "Haftar's forces advance in Derna ahead of Paris meeting". GulfNews.com. 2018-05-28. Archived from the original on 2018-06-01. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
64. "Libya: Haftar forces take control of entrance to Derna". Aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
65. "Derna Protection Force retreats from Al-Fatayeh under heavy shelling and airstrikes | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
66. "Water desalination plant in Derna stops working as a result of war | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
67. "Clashes in Libya's Derna got intense as Haftar's forces push meters closer to city center | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
68. "Derna battle – step towards liberation of Libya". EgyptToday. 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
69. "Libyan Forces Belonging to Khalifa Haftar Take Control of 75% of Derna City". Al Bawaba. 2018-06-05. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
70. ^ "Libyan forces' battle for eastern city Derna in final stages:..." Reuters. 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-11. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
71. "Libyan army close to complete capture of Derna". GulfNews.com. 2018-06-11. Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
72. "Libyan army: Derna City to be fully liberated within hours - Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
73. "Libya: Battle for Derna nears end". 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
74. "Casualties as twin suicide attack hits eastern Libya". Saudi Gazette. 2018-06-12. Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
75. "Twin suicide attack kills two as Haftar closes in on besieged Derna". Middle East Eye. 2018-06-12. Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
76. "Khalifa Haftar's militias commit summary execution in Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2019-06-08.
77. ^ "Forces under Libya's Haftar say they're close to taking final..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
78. "Libya: Bin Laden's Former Driver Arrested in Derna | Asharq AL-awsat". Aawsat.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
79. "Suicide bomber kills 4 east Libyan security force members: spokesman ~ Independent Recorder". Independentrecorder.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
80. "Suicide bomber kills 4 east Libyan security force members – Middle East Monitor". Middleeastmonitor.com. 2018-06-21. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
81. "Civilians flee Libya's Derna amid heavy clashes | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
82. "UNICEF sends aid to Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
83. "The army of Libya have detained one of the most influential leaders of "al-Qaeda" media | The Koz Telegram". Ktelegram.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-07-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
84. "Libyan Army gains control over Al-Maghar in Derna (video) Libyan Army gains control over Al-Maghar in Derna". Almasdarnews.com. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
85. Ayman al-Warfalli (28 June 2018). "Haftar's forces say they have captured Libyan city of Derna". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
86. ^ "Libyan army seizes Derna after month-long campaign". Archived from the original on 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
87. "Eastern government appoints new non-elected mayor for Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
88. "Forces of Libya's east-based warlord bombard Derna | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
89. "Révélations : Comment le Drian et la DGSE ont soutenu Haftar en Libye".
90. "كيف سيؤثر دعم فرنسا لحفتر في حربه ضد درنة على اتفاق باريس؟". 4 June 2018.
91. "ليبيا | جنود فرنسيون يقاتلون مع مليشيات حفتر في درنة | أخبار | رابطة علماء أهل السنة". 25 August 2021.
92. Lewis, Aidan (8 June 2018). "East Libyan forces detain rival commander in Derna, U.N. raises alarm". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
93. "Italy, UN mission call for de-escalation of war in Derna – The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
94. "Libyan army seizes Derna after month-long campaign". Archived from the original on 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2018-11-29.

• Military operations of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020)
• Battles in 2019
• Battles in 2018
• History of Derna, Libya