Battle of Guelta Zemmur (1989)

Battle For other uses, see Battle of Guelta Zemmur.

Battle of Guelta Zemmour

Date	7 October 1989
Location	Guelta Zemmur, Western Sahara
Result	Morocco victory

Belligerents

Morocco

Sahrawi Republic

Commanders and leaders

Mohamed Ghoujdami

Lahbib Ayub

Casualties and losses

14 killed
31 wounded
(Moroccan claim)

80 killed or wounded
(Moroccan claim)

v t e Western Sahara War
Engagements 1970s Farsia, Edcheiria, Hausa and Mahbes (1975) Tichla & La Güera Amgala I Amgala II El Aaiun (1976) Ain Ben Tili (1976) Tarfaya (1976) Bir Mogrein I and Zouerate (1976) Bir Mogrein II (1976) Bir Mogrein III (1976) 1st Nouakchott Martyr El Uali offensive (1977) Amgala (1977) Tifariti (1977) Zouerate (1977) Nouackchott (1977) Lamantin Houari Boumedienne offensive (1979) Tan Tan Tifariti (1979) Assa Lebouirate Bir Anzarane Smara Akka Tichla 1980s Iman operation (1980) Zag Guelta Zemmur (October 1981) Greater Maghreb offensive Mahbes (1985) Mahbes (1987) Farsia I (1987) Farsia II & Oum Dreyga Guelta Zemmur Hawza Amgala (1989) 1990s Tifariti International incidents AWI Polar 3 (1985) T&G Aviation DC-7 (1988)

Western Sahara War

Engagements
1970s

1980s

1990s

Tifariti

International incidents

The Battle of Guelta Zemmur occurred on 7 October 1989, when POLISARIO guerrillas commanded by Lahbib Ayub attacked the village of Guelta Zemmur on the Moroccan side of the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall. The attack was the first major military engagement in the war since 1988, as the Polisario Front had ended negotiations with Morocco in that year. The King of Morocco, Hassan II, responded to the offensive by rejecting a second meeting with POLISARIO leaders. According to the Spanish newspaper El País, at least a hundred soldiers from both sides were killed in the clashes.

Background

Western Sahara was a Spanish colony until 1975, prior to 1884 the Sahara was under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Morocco. A war erupted between Morocco and the Sahrawi Polisario Front, which proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) with a government-in-exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Mauritania withdrew in 1979, and Morocco eventually secured control of most of the territory, including all the major cities and natural resources. Armed conflict continued between Polisario and Morocco over prominence in the region, with Algerian, Cuban, Egyptian, Vietnamese, and Russian support for Polisario and French support for Morocco. The U.N. peace mission that aimed for a ceasefire and a referendum was accepted in various degrees by both combatants. The war was fought at a moment when Polisario felt that the second peace talks were deliberately delayed by King Hassan of Morocco. As a result, the peace talks were never held.

Battle

After Morocco built fortified sand walls in the northwestern border towards Western Sahara, the Polisario Front responded by attacking the Moroccan base at Guelta Zemmour. Morocco overpowered Polisario inflicting defeat of the Polisario. Morocco maintained the wall, Polisario left 18 tanks and other armored vehicles destroyed by Gazelle helicopters on the field.

References

"Chapter V Military Dimension of the Western Sahara Conflict. p. 166" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
^ Javier Valenzuela (8 October 1989). "El Polisario y el Ejército marroquí libran una importante batalla en el Sáhara occidental". El País. Retrieved 21 July 2012. (in Spanish)
Javier Valenzuela (9 October 1989). "Luchas en el Sáhara". El País. Retrieved 21 July 2012. (in Spanish)
"Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (paragraph 37, p. 10)" (PDF). 2 March 1993. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 417. ISBN 9780313335389.

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