 The submarine on display beside Bayou St. John, 1890s
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 CSA | |
| Fate | Scuttled, c. April 25, 1862 |
| Status | Museum ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine |
| Length | 20 ft (6.1 m) |
| Beam | 3 ft (0.91 m) |
| Height | 6 ft (1.8 m) |
| Propulsion | Hand-cranked propeller |
| Armament | Spar torpedo (presumed) |
The Bayou St. John Confederate Submarine is an early military submarine built for use by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
Description
The submarine is constructed of riveted iron, 20 feet (6.1 m) long, 3 feet (0.91 m) wide and 6 feet (1.8 m) deep, with a hand-cranked propeller.
History
No period documentation for the submarine is known to exist, and its original name and many details about it remain unknown. The submarine was rediscovered in 1878 during the dredging of Bayou St. John where it joins Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana, where the submarine was presumably scuttled to prevent it falling into Union hands after the capture of New Orleans. It was put on display beside the Bayou at Spanish Fort Amusement Park as a curiosity, incorrectly identified as the Confederate submarine Pioneer.
The traditional identification as the Pioneer was not questioned seriously until historical research in the late 20th century showed the Pioneer to be of a different design than the one retrieved from Bayou St. John. The Bayou submarine and the Pioneer may have undergone trials at about the same time, and confusion of the two may date back to contemporary accounts; it is not clear which one was constructed first.
In 1908 the submarine was moved to the grounds of Camp Nicholls Confederate Home on Moss Street, beside Bayou St. John. At some point probably in the 1930s the interior of the submarine was filled with concrete in an attempt at preservation that later generations of conservators found questionable.
In 1942 the submarine was acquired by the Louisiana State Museum and moved to Jackson Square. After being in various displays around the Square it was placed in the shelter of the arcade on the ground floor of the Presbytere in 1957, where remained until 1998.
The submarine was then transported to Baton Rouge, where the old concrete was removed as part of restoration efforts. Afterwards, it was placed on display at the Capitol Park Museum - Baton Rouge.
See also
References
- ^ Haines, Matt (4 May 2019). "Today a picturesque waterway, Bayou St. John once harbored a Civil War submarine". The New Orleans Advocate. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ "The Pioneer". Louisiana State Museum. Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism. 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- "Submarine Conservation". Louisiana State Museum. Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism. 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
External links
- NavSource Online: Submarine Photo Archive
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. LA-23, "Civil War-Era Submarine, Capitol Park Museum, 660 North Fourth Street, Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, LA", 5 photos, 1 color transparency, 1 photo caption page