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Beidazoon Temporal range: 535–520 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade?:	†Vetulicolia
Class:	†Vetulicolida
Order:	†Vetulicolata
Family:	†Vetulicolidae
Genus:	†Beidazoon
Species:	†B. venustum
Binomial name
†Beidazoon venustum Shu, 2005
Synonyms
Bullivetula variola Aldridge et al., 2007

Beidazoon venustum is a marine deuterostome from the group Vetulicolia. It originates from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota of Yunnan Province, China, and was discovered in 2005. It is known as the smallest described vetulicolian, and for its surface being covered in many small nodes.

Description

Beidazoon venustum had a hard outer shell similar to Vetulicola, with a single band mouth. Its tail is asymmetrical and composed of a hard shell extending from the upper posterior, an axial lobe of seven segments, and a ventral lobe with four or five segments. According to its discoverer, Beidazoon's shell was "beautifully ornamented with numerous nodes".

Taxonomy

The family Beidazoonidae was erected to house Beidazoon at the time of its discovery. However, Beidazoon's junior synonym Bullivetula was assigned to Vetulicolidae, and other authors have accepted that assignment for Beidazoon.

One 2024 study found Beidazoon to be nestled within Vetulicola as a sister to V. monile within a monophyletic Vetulicolidae:

An earlier study in 2014 treated Vetulicola as monophyletic, but was unable to resolve any relationships among vetulicolians as a group:

References

1. Aldridge et al. 2007, p. 168, Note added in proof
2. Hou et al. 2017, p. 278
3. ^ Shu 2005, pp. 2346–2349
4. Shu 2005, p. 2349
5. Aldridge et al. 2007, pp. 140–142
6. Li et al. 2018, pp. 1083–1084
7. Mussini et al. 2024, p. 7 (Note that the labeling of Vetulicolidae in the cladogram is per Li et al. 2018, cited earlier in this page)
8. García-Bellido et al. 2014, p. 9

Works cited

• Aldridge, Richard J.; Hou, Xian-guang; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Sarah E., Gabbott (2007). "The systematics and phylogenetic relationships of vetulicolians". Palaeontology. 50: 131–168. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00606.x. S2CID 85722738.
• García-Bellido, Diego C.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Jago, James B.; Gehling, James G.; Paterson, John R. (2014). "A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14: 214. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z. PMC 4203957. PMID 25273382.
• Hou, Xian-guang; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Aldridge, Richard J.; Cong, Pei-yun; Gabbott, Sarah; Ma, Xiao-ya; Purnell, Mark A.; Williams, Mark (2017). "Vetulicolians". The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life (2 ed.). pp. 272–281. doi:10.1002/9781118896372.ch25.
• Li, Yujing; Williams, Mark; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Chen, Ailen; Cong, Peiyun; Hou, Xianguang (2018). "The enigmatic metazoan Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, Yunnan Province, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (6): 1081–1091. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.18.
• Mussini, G.; Smith, M. P.; Vinther, J.; Rahman, I. A.; Murdock, D. J. E.; Harper, D. A. T.; Dunn, F. S. (2024). "A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan". Current Biology. 34 (13): 2980–2989.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.026. PMID 38866005.
• Shu, Degan (October 2005). "On the Phylum Vetulicolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50: 2342–2354. doi:10.1007/BF03183746. Retrieved 1 October 2024.

v t e Vetulicolia
Kingdom: Animalia Clade: Bilateria Phylum: Chordata?
Banffozoa Banffiata Banffiidae Banffia Heteromorphus Skeemella Vetulicolida Incertae sedis Nesonektris Vetulicolata Vetulicolidae Beidazoon Ooedigera Vetulicola Didazoonidae Didazoon Pomatrum Yuyuanozoon Incertae sedis Shenzianyuloma Alienum?

• Vetulicolia