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Bermuda skink
Conservation status
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Family:	Scincidae
Genus:	Plestiodon
Species:	P. longirostris
Binomial name
Plestiodon longirostris Cope, 1861
Synonyms
Eumeces longirostris

The Bermuda skink, longnose skink, or (Bermuda) rock lizard (Plestiodon longirostris) is a critically endangered species and the only endemic land-living vertebrate of Bermuda. It is a relatively small skink (a kind of lizard): adults reach an average snout-to-vent length of about 8 cm (3.1 in).

Description

Adult Bermuda skinks (also known as "rock lizards") have dark brown or black backs and are pinkish or light gray on the underside. Juveniles are lighter in color and have black stripes running along the sides of their bodies, which fade with age. Females are thought to retain the stripes longer than males. Adult males have larger heads. Hatchlings have bright blue tails. All have salmon orange cheeks and throat.

The Bermuda skink lives predominantly in rocky coastal areas. They feed on small invertebrates such as cockroaches or woodlice, but also on small terrestrial crustaceans.

While being more active during summer, the Bermuda skink does not hibernate, because the frost free winters allow it to be active year-round.

Distribution

The species occurs only in Bermuda, and exists mainly on some of the smaller islands and nature reserves on the mainland, where the populations are fragmented into isolated pockets.

Conservation

The Bermuda skink has been listed on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered. It is threatened primarily by habitat destruction, predators introduced by humans (such as cats, rats, American crows, chickens, great kiskadees, yellow-crowned night herons, cane toads and anoles), as well as by human litter: the Bermuda skink has tiny claws on its feet, but no friction pads, and when it gets trapped in cast-away empty glass bottles or soda cans, it cannot climb out and thus starves or dies of heat stress or dehydration.

The Bermuda skink is listed as protected under the 2003 Bermuda Protected Species Act.

Chester Zoo is attempting to increase numbers of the skink with its own captive breeding program.

References

1. Cox, N.A.; Wingate, D.B. (2021). "Plestiodon longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T8218A121499536. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T8218A121499536.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
2. Brandley M.C., Schmitz A., Reeder T.W. (2005). "Partitioned Bayesian analyses, partition choice, and the phylogenetic relationships of scincid lizards." Systematic Biology 54 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1080/10635150590946808
3. Smith, H.M. (2005). "Plestiodon: a replacement name for most members of the genus Eumeces in North America." Journal of Kansas Herpetology 14: 15–16.
4. Cox, N.A.; Wingate, D.B. (2021). "Plestiodon longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T8218A121499536. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T8218A121499536.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021. Database entry includes justification for why this species is critically endangered
5. the Chester Zoo was successful in breeding them for the first time in captivity on 9/09/2017 UK zoo creates a skink to save rare lizards (retrieved 11 August 2013)

External links

• Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo: Bermuda Skink Project
• Bermuda Department of Conservation Services page on Bermuda Skink

• IUCN Red List critically endangered species
• Plestiodon
• Endemic fauna of Bermuda
• Reptiles described in 1861
• Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope