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League One

Current season, competition or edition: 2024 RFL League One
Sport	Rugby league
Founded	2003; 21 years ago (2003)
No. of teams	9
Country	England  Wales
Most recent champion(s)	Oldham (2nd title)
Most titles	Dewsbury Rams (3 titles)
Level on pyramid	3
Promotion to	Championship
Domestic cup(s)	Challenge Cup 1895 Cup
Official website	League One

The Rugby Football League One (known as the Betfred League One) is the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It is also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The current winners are Oldham who won the league in 2024.

History

1991–2003: Foundation and regular competition

Third-division rugby league competitions in the United Kingdom have existed periodically since 1991. The current incarnation was created in 2003 when the second-division competition below Super League, the Northern Ford Premiership, was split into National Leagues One and Two. Teams that finished in the top ten league positions of the Northern Ford Premiership at the end of the 2002 season formed National League One, while the remaining eight formed National League Two where they were joined by two additional clubs, London Skolars from the Rugby League Conference and York City Knights, who replaced the defunct York Wasps and also joined National League Two for the inaugural season in 2003.

2004–2009: National Leagues

At the end of the 2005 Super League season, an extra team was relegated to National League One in order to accommodate French side Catalans Dragons' entry to the competition. In turn, an additional team was relegated from National League One to League Two, while Blackpool Panthers were elected to National League Two for the 2005 season to replace the defunct Chorley Lynx, leaving 11 teams in League Two. In order to even up the numbers, the Welsh team Celtic Crusaders were admitted to the competition in 2005, first playing in the 2006 season and increasing the division to twelve teams.

2010–2014: Championship 1

In 2009 Super League was expanded to 14 teams, with two additional teams being promoted from National League One. In turn, two additional teams were promoted from National League Two to National League One at the end of the 2008 season, reducing the number of teams in National League Two to 10. National Leagues One and Two were then rebranded as Championship and Championship 1 respectively, with the change being implemented in time for the 2009 season.

South Wales Scorpions were admitted to Championship 1 for the 2010 season, increasing the number of teams in the league to 11. Blackpool Panthers left the league in 2011, once again reducing the number of teams to 10. In 2013, three new teams were admitted to the league; Hemel Stags, Gloucestershire All Golds and Oxford Rugby League. To facilitate this expansion, in 2012 four teams were promoted to the Championship from Championship 1 and no teams were relegated from the Championship, meaning that the 2013 Championship 1 season was contested by 9 teams.

2015–present: League 1

In 2014 expansion and restructure took place with 5 teams relegated from the Championship and Coventry Bears added to expand the league to 14 teams, which was then renamed League 1. A new playoff structure was also introduced with two teams being promoted to the Championship. In 2015 the League 1 Cup was introduced as an additional competition for League 1 clubs. In 2016 Toulouse Olympique joined the league, bringing the total number of teams to 15. Toronto Wolfpack joined the league in 2017, bringing the total number of teams to 16.

In 2016, the Super 8s format that had been used in the Super League and Championship was introduced to League 1.

Under the amended structure, the 16 League 1 clubs play a regular season of 15 rounds, playing each other once either home or away. Following the conclusion of their regular league seasons, the 16 clubs then compete in a playoff series where they split into 2 divisions of 8 based upon league position:

• The top eight League 1 clubs compete in the League 1 Super 8s. They play each other once (either home or away) to determine the champion and the four clubs that will compete in the playoffs for the second promotion place.
• The remaining clubs compete for the League 1 Shield.

This format remained in use for the 2017 season but on 26 October 2017, it was confirmed that Oxford Rugby League and Gloucestershire All Golds will not compete for the 2018 season, in favour of creating a merged club in Bristol for 2019. This reduces the number of clubs to 14 and for 2018 the Super 8 format has been discarded and instead the teams will play a 26-game season; with home and away fixtures against all the other teams. The club top of the table after 26 games will automatically be promoted to the Championship and those finishing second to fifth will play off for the other promotion spot.

The format was modified for 2019 following an RFL extraordinary general meeting in September 2018. The number of clubs in the division will be reduced to 12 and the top six teams will compete for two promotion places to the Championship. However, on 23 October 2018, Hemel Stags announced that the club was withdrawing from the league for 2019 reducing the number of teams to 11; the RFL indicated that no replacement team is to be sought for the time being. The team finishing top of the 11-team league after the 20-game regular season will automatically be promoted then a series of six further matches will decide the second promotion spot.

Following the aborted 2020 season, the number of clubs was reduced to 10 as Newcastle Thunder were appointed to the Championship and the planned entry of Ottawa Aces was deferred to 2022. Over the close season of 2021–2022 Ottawa Aces decided to relocate to Cornwall and Cornwall R.L.F.C. became the division's eleventh team for 2022.

A reduction to ten teams happened for 2023 as West Wales Raiders withdrew from the league in December 2022.

Further reductions to the number of teams initially saw the league go from ten to eight teams for the 2024 season, following London Skolars withdrawal from the league in September 2023 and Newcastle Thunders' withdrawal in October 2023. However the league was restored to nine when Newcastle were re-admitted in December 2023.

Clubs

League One clubs
Colours	Club	Established	Location	Stadium	Capacity*
	Cornwall	2021	Penryn, Cornwall	Memorial Ground	4,000
	Dewsbury Rams	1898	Dewsbury, West Yorkshire	Crown Flatt	5,800
	Goole Vikings	2018	Goole, East Yorkshire	Victoria Pleasure Ground	3,000
	Keighley Cougars	1876	Keighley, West Yorkshire	Cougar Park	7,800
	Midlands Hurricanes	1998	Birmingham, West Midlands	Alexander Stadium	18,000
	Newcastle Thunder	1999	Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear	Kingston Park Stadium	10,200
	North Wales Crusaders	2011	Colwyn Bay, Conwy	Eirias Stadium	6,080
	Rochdale Hornets	1871	Rochdale, Greater Manchester	Crown Oil Arena	10,249
	Swinton Lions	1866	Sale, Greater Manchester	Heywood Road	3,387
	Whitehaven	1948	Whitehaven, Cumbria	Recreation Ground	7,500
	Workington Town	1945	Workington, Cumbria	Derwent Park	10,000

*capacity for Rugby League games may differ from official stadium capacity.

Structure

Teams play each other once home and away in a round robin system. There is no relegation from League 1. At the end of the season the team finishing first is promoted to the Championship. Various systems have been used to decide the second team to promote, the current system - in use since 2019 - is for the teams finishing between 2nd and 6th compete in a playoff competition to decide the second promotion spot.

In the play-offs first round there are two matches; the Elimination Final (EF) between the clubs finishing fifth and sixth, and the Qualifying Final (QF) between the clubs finishing third and fourth. For the losing team of the Elimination Final the season is over but the other three play in the semi-finals of the play-offs. In the semi-finals the 1st semi-final will be between the winning team in the EF and the losing team in the QF; while the 2nd semi-final will be between the team who finished second in the regular season (and had a bye in the first round of the play-offs) and the winning team of the QF. The team winning the 2nd semi-final will have home advantage in the Grand Final while the losing team will have home advantage in the Preliminary Final. The team losing the 1st semi-final will be out of the competition while the winning team will play the team losing the 2nd semi-final in the Preliminary Final. The winner of the Preliminary Final will play the winner of the 2nd semi-final in the League 1 Grand Final where the victorious team will take the second promotion spot to the Championship.

Results

Year	Champions	Also Promoted	Bottom place
2003	Keighley	none	London Skolars
2004	Barrow	none	Newcastle
2005	York	none	Blackpool
2006	Dewsbury	Sheffield	Blackpool
2007	Crusaders	Featherstone	Blackpool
2008	Newcastle	Barrow Doncaster	Hunslet
2009	Dewsbury	Keighley	London Skolars
2010	Hunslet	York	Newcastle
2011	Swinton	Keighley	Newcastle
2012	Doncaster	Barrow Whitehaven Workington	Newcastle
2013	North Wales	Rochdale	Gloucestershire
2014	Hunslet	none	South Wales
2015	Oldham	Swinton	South Wales
2016	Rochdale	Toulouse	Hemel
2017	Toronto	Barrow	Hemel
2018	York	Bradford	West Wales
2019	Whitehaven	Oldham	West Wales
2020	Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Newcastle elevated to Championship
2021	Barrow	Workington	West Wales
2022	Keighley	Swinton	West Wales
2023	Dewsbury	Doncaster	London Skolars
2024	Oldham	Hunslet	Newcastle

Winners

	Club	Wins	Winning years
1	Dewsbury Rams	3	2006, 2009, 2023
2	Hunslet	2	2010, 2014
3	York Knights	2	2005, 2018
4	Barrow Raiders	2	2004, 2021
5	Keighley Cougars	2	2003, 2022
6	Oldham	2	2015, 2024
7	Celtic Crusaders	1	2007
8	Newcastle Thunder	1	2008
9	Swinton Lions	1	2011
10	Doncaster	1	2012
11	North Wales Crusaders	1	2013
12	Rochdale Hornets	1	2016
13	Toronto Wolfpack	1	2017
14	Whitehaven	1	2019

Match officials

All rugby league matches are governed by the laws set out by the RFL; these laws are enforced by match officials. Former Super League and International Referee Steve Ganson is the current Head of the Match Officials Department and Technical Director.

Sponsor

League One has had four different sponsors four times since 2003. Betfred are the current title sponsors.

The official rugby ball supplier is Steeden.

Expansion

The current RFL policy is to add expansion teams to the professional structure via entry to League 1. In 2011, the RFL invited expressions of interest for four additional British teams to join the competition starting in 2013. Of the 16 interested parties, three teams, University of Gloucestershire All Golds, Hemel Stags and Oxford Rugby League were accepted to join the league and began play in 2013, a fourth, the Northampton Town F.C.-linked Northampton Rebels were also accepted, but ultimately decided not to proceed. An additional team, Coventry Bears (now the Midlands Hurricanes), were also accepted in September 2012, however it was decided that they would join from the 2014 season to give them additional time to prepare. Coventry again deferred their membership in 2014, eventually joining the league for the 2015 season.

In 2015 it was announced that Toulouse Olympique, after talks with the RFL, had accepted the proposal to rejoin the English league structure in League 1 for the 2016 season, airing their aims for promotion in their maiden League 1 season in a bid to eventually achieve Super League status. They currently play in the Championship, having earned promotion at their first opportunity in 2016.

In 2016, it was announced that Toronto Wolfpack would be joining the league from the 2017 season, becoming the first team to compete in the RFL structure from outside of the UK or France. The Wolfpack won the League 1 title in their inaugural season and went on to play in the Super League.

In October 2017 it was announced that Gloucestershire All Golds and Oxford would withdraw from the league, merge and relocate the new club to Bristol with the intention of rejoining the league for the 2019 season, however this did not eventuate and in 2019 the All Golds entered the relaunched Conference League South. In addition Hemel Stags announced their withdrawal from League 1 at the end of the 2018 season in order to rejoin the Conference League South. In March 2019 it was announced that Hemel's RFL membership had been bought by a consortium including Toronto Wolfpack founder Eric Perez, with the intention of relocating the club to Ottawa, Canada. The club would ultimately be based in Cornwall and be called Cornwall R.L.F.C. A bid to establish a team in New York was also formally considered by the RFL in March 2019. There has also been expressions of interest in joining the RFL system from Spain and Serbia through Valencia Huracanes and Red Star Belgrade RL.

Media

TV

League 1 games have been televised only rarely and sporadically. Before the 2017 season, new members of the league, Toronto Wolfpack, announced that their games would be shown live on Canadian channel GameTV, as well as digitally on CBC Sports.

Radio

Regional radio stations, including BBC Local Radio and local commercial stations, provide coverage of the League 1 clubs.

See also

• British rugby league system
• Super League
• National Conference League
• Northern Ford Premiership
• National League Cup
• Rugby Football League Championship Third Division

References

1. "RFL CHIEF EXECUTIVE POLICY REVIEW" (PDF). Rugby Football League. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
2. "Super League: Competition restructures confirmed". BBC Sport. 17 January 2014.
3. "Oxford and Gloucester to join forces". Rugby Football League. 26 October 2017.
4. "Stags to switch focus in 2019". RFL. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
5. Walker, Callum (22 December 2022). "West Wales Raiders owners release heartfelt statement following withdrawal of club from League One". TotalRL.com. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
6. "RFL amend format for Championship and League One play-offs". Keighley News. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
7. "2019 Structure". Rugby Football League. 15 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
8. "Third Tier Champions". 13 July 2009.
9. "Steeden become Official Match Ball Partner".
10. "Northampton Town FC to run rugby league team from 2013". BBC Sport. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
11. "Hemel Join Rugby League Championship 1". RFL. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
12. "All Golds to join Championship One". RFL. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
13. "Gloucestershire All Golds to join Championship One in 2013". BBC Sport. 10 May 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
14. "Oxford to be admitted to Championship One". BBC Sport. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
15. "Coventry Bears: Midlands amateur side targeted as semi-pro club". BBC Sport. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
16. "Toulouse Olympique XIII en route to England and League One". Toulouse Official Website. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
17. "Canadian team to join English rugby league setup". ESPN. 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
18. "Greenwood leaves Golds post". TotalRL. 8 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
19. "Oxford and Gloucester to join forces". Rugby Football League. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
20. "Hemel Stags withdraw from League 1". Love Rugby League. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
21. "Wolfpack founder Eric Perez part of consortium that has bought Hemel Stags". National Post. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
22. "Toronto Wolfpack founder looking to bring rugby league team to Ottawa". Global News. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
23. "New York rugby league club moves step closer to fruition as RFL give latest update". Hull Daily Mail. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
24. Darbyshire, Drew (10 January 2020). "Red Star Belgrade confirm their intention to enter League 1". Love Rugby League. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
25. "Wolfpack Secure Canadian Broadcast Partner". Torontowolfpack.com. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
26. "CBC Sports, Toronto Wolfpack announce broadcast agreement". Cbc.ca. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.

External links

• Official website
• RFL Championship coverage
• Scores from Sky Sports
• The League 1 show (podcast)

• RFL League One
• Sports leagues established in 2003
• 2003 establishments in England
• Rugby league competitions in the United Kingdom
• Professional sports leagues in the United Kingdom
• Professional sports leagues in France
• Professional sports leagues in Canada
• Multi-national professional sports leagues