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Either/Or
Studio album by Elliott Smith
Released	February 25, 1997 (1997-02-25)
Studio	Various (see below)
Genre	Indie folk indie rock lo-fi Americana
Length	36:52
Label	Kill Rock Stars
Producer	Elliott Smith Tom Rothrock Rob Schnapf
Elliott Smith chronology
Elliott Smith (1995) Either/Or (1997) XO (1998)
Singles from Either/Or
"Speed Trials" Released: October 1, 1996 "Ballad of Big Nothing" Released: June 28, 1998

Either/Or is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. Either/Or was recorded in several locations, mostly in Portland, Oregon – while Smith was still a member of Heatmiser – and was produced by Smith, Tom Rothrock and Rob Schnapf. Either/Or was released on February 25, 1997, on the Kill Rock Stars record label, following Heatmiser's dissolution. Book-ended by its two singles, "Speed Trials" and "Ballad of Big Nothing", Either/Or did not chart in the US, but was acclaimed by critics.

Director Gus Van Sant was highly impressed with the album, incorporating three of its songs; "Between the Bars", "Angeles" and "Say Yes" along with a new song, "Miss Misery", into the Good Will Hunting soundtrack. "Miss Misery" was nominated for Best Original Song at the 1998 Academy Awards, and was performed at the televised ceremony in an abridged version by Smith, backed by the house orchestra, briefly propelling him into the international spotlight. In 2020, the album was ranked at 216 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.

Recording

Either/Or was recorded at several locations: Joanna Bolme's house; Smith's own house; Undercover, Inc.; Laundry Rules Recording; and the Heatmiser House – all in Portland, Oregon – as well as The Shop in Arcata, California. The album was produced by Smith, Tom Rothrock and Rob Schnapf.

Smith wrote and recorded a song entitled "Either/Or" during the sessions for this album, but it was not included on the final release; however, the song was later included on New Moon, a posthumous compilation of previously unreleased material by Smith.

Content

The album's title derives from the Søren Kierkegaard book of the same name, in which "either/or" refers to the contrast between aesthetic/subjective experience and ethical/objective being. This existential title is reflective of Smith's interest in philosophy, which he studied at Hampshire College in Massachusetts. The lyrics contain many references to Portland such as the neighborhood of Alameda, Division Street and the Portland Rose Festival.

The album's style has been described as "a bridge between the lo-fi darkness of Roman Candle and Elliott Smith and the studio sheen of XO and Figure 8."

Release

The album's first single, "Speed Trials", was released on October 1, 1996.

Either/Or was released on February 25, 1997. It did not chart in the US. The album's second and final single, "Ballad of Big Nothing", was released on June 29, 1998.

Smith would briefly be cast into the international spotlight early the following year when he performed his song, the 1997 standalone single "Miss Misery", at the 1998 Academy Awards ceremony, following the song's appearance in the major motion picture Good Will Hunting and its subsequent Oscar nomination for Best Original Song. Following this appearance, Smith was signed to major label DreamWorks and started work on his fourth studio album, XO.

As of March 2017, Either/Or is Elliott Smith's best selling release (it still has never charted) and has sold 429,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Critical reception

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic
Chicago Tribune
The Irish Times
Mojo
NME	8/10
Pitchfork	8.8/10 (1997) 10/10 (2017)
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
Select	4/5
Spin	7/10
Uncut	9/10

Either/Or was critically acclaimed. Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club wrote that the album "marks something of a thematic transition" for Smith, noting "brightness and a pop feel" on Either/Or in contrast to the "stark, guy-with-acoustic-guitar confessionals about drug abuse and darkness" on Elliott Smith. It was voted the 20th best album of 1997 in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll. The poll's supervisor, Robert Christgau, was less enthusiastic about the album, finding Smith "tuneful if depressive" and believing that, "he could too be popular—he just doesn't want to be, that's all".

In its retrospective review, Tiny Mix Tapes opined: "Simply put, the songs on Either/Or are Elliott Smith's best". Trouser Press called it "even more fully realized" than Elliott Smith.

Legacy

The album inspired Gus Van Sant to invite Smith to contribute to the soundtrack of the film Good Will Hunting. Three Either/Or tracks were incorporated into the soundtrack, as well as a new song, "Miss Misery." Smith was briefly pushed to the forefront of popular culture after performing "Miss Misery" from Good Will Hunting at the 1998 Academy Awards ceremony. Van Sant later also used "Angeles" in his 2007 film Paranoid Park. The song was again featured in the 2020 series Normal People.

Online magazine Pitchfork ranked Either/Or 59th in its list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1990s. Spin ranked Either/Or at number 48 on its list of the best albums from 1987 to 2012. Blender ranked it thirty-sixth in its "100 Greatest Indie Rock Albums Ever" list. In 2013, NME placed Either/Or at number 149 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Consequence of Sound ranked the album No. 97 on their list of best albums ever. Rolling Stone ranked the album at 216 on the 2020 re-release of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. Pitchfork ranked the album #23 on its best albums of the decade list (2022). The restaurant Either/Or, in Portland, Oregon, references the album's title.

Track listing

All tracks are written by Elliott Smith

Personnel

• Elliott Smith – all instruments, mixing ("Alameda", "No Name No. 5", "Rose Parade", "2:45 AM")

Technical

• Joanna Bolme – mixing ("Alameda"), back cover photography
• Rob Schnapf – mixing ("Speed Trials", "Ballad of Big Nothing", "Between the Bars", "Pictures of Me", "Punch and Judy", "Angeles", "Cupid's Trick", "Say Yes")
• Tom Rothrock – mixing ("Speed Trials", "Ballad of Big Nothing", "Between the Bars", "Pictures of Me", "Punch and Judy", "Angeles", "Cupid's Trick", "Say Yes")
• Larry Crane – recording ("Pictures of Me")
• Don C. Tyler – mastering
• Neil Gust – sleeve layout
• Debbie Pastor – front cover photography

Certifications

References

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2. Spicer, Nathan (May 20, 2020). "The 100 Best Indie Folk Albums of All Time". Paste. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
3. "The 50 Best Indie Rock Albums of the Pacific Northwest". Pitchfork. September 6, 2016. p. 5. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
4. "Blender's 100 Greatest Indie-Rock Albums Ever". Stereogum. November 14, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
5. "10 Essential Lo-Fi Albums". Treble. September 12, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
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16. Kot, Greg (April 4, 1997). "Elliott Smith: Either/Or (Kill Rock Stars)". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
17. Clayton-Lea, Tony (December 24, 2004). "Elliott Smith: Roman Candle / Elliott Smith / Either/Or (Domino)". The Irish Times. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
18. Segal, Victoria (April 2017). "Tinseltown in the rain". Mojo (281): 102.
19. Bailie, Stuart (May 30, 1998). "Elliott Smith – Either/Or". NME. Archived from the original on August 17, 2000. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
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21. LeMay, Matt (March 7, 2017). "Elliott Smith: Either/Or". Pitchfork. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
22. Berger, Arion (2004). "Elliott Smith". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 750–51. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
23. Perry, Andrew (July 1998). "Elliott Smith: Either/Or". Select (97): 86.
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26. "'He needed to get it together': The tragic story of Elliott Smith's last album, 20 years on". The Independent. April 18, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
27. Thompson, Stephen (March 29, 2002). "Elliott Smith: Either/Or". The A.V. Club. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
28. "The 1997 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. February 24, 1998. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
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External links

• Either/Or at Discogs (list of releases)

• Elliott Smith albums
• 1997 albums
• Adaptations of works by Søren Kierkegaard
• Albums produced by Tom Rothrock
• Albums produced by Rob Schnapf
• Kill Rock Stars albums