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Kosmos 605

Names	Bion 1 Biocosmos 1
Mission type	Bioscience
Operator	Institute of Biomedical Problems
COSPAR ID	1973-083A
SATCAT no.	6913
Mission duration	21 days, 12 hours and 47 minutes
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Bion
Bus	Zenit 12KS
Manufacturer	TsSKB
Launch mass	5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
Landing mass	900 kg (2,000 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	31 October 1973, 18:24:59 UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U
Launch site	Plesetsk 43/3
Contractor	TsSKB
End of mission
Disposal	Recovered
Landing date	22 November 1973, 07:12 UTC
Landing site	53°29′N 65°27′E / 53.483°N 65.450°E / 53.483; 65.450 (Bion 1 spashdown) Sarykol, Kazakhstan, USSR
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude	221 km (137 mi)
Apogee altitude	424 km (263 mi)
Inclination	62.80°
Period	90.70 minutes
Bion programmeBion 2 → Kosmos (satellites)← Kosmos 604Kosmos 606 →

Kosmos 605 or Bion 1 (Russian: Космос 605), was a Bion satellite. It was the first of eleven Bion satellites launched between 1973 and 1996.

Launch

Kosmos 605 was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket flying from Site 43/3 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union. The satellite was initially launched in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 221 km (137 mi) and an apogee of 424 km (263 mi) with an orbital inclination of 62.80° ant an orbital period of 90.70 minutes.

Mission

The spacecraft orbited the Earth for 21 days until its biological capsule returned to Earth on 22 November 1973 in a region of northwestern Kazakhstan. It carried several dozen male rats (possibly 25 or 45 ), six Russian tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii) (each in a separate box), a mushroom bed, flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) in various stages of their life cycle, and living bacterial spores. It provided data on the reaction of mammal, reptile, insect, fungal, and bacterial forms to prolonged weightlessness.

Results

After returning, the animals found several functional changes, such as decreased body temperature, difficulty breathing, muscle atrophy, decreased bone mechanical strength and decreased mass of some internal organs and glands. No pathological changes were found. 3–4 weeks after landing, most of these changes receded and the animals returned to normal. In the experiment, for the first time, a second generation of insects was obtained whose weightlessness was developed. No differences were detected between the second and the first generation. The influence of space conditions on the development of fungi was also found. Growing up in a weightless state, they created a very thin and extremely bent leg and a more massive mycelium than on Earth. Kosmos 605 also tested means of protection against ionizing radiation.

See also

• 1973 in spaceflight

References

1. ^ "Display: Bion 1 1974-083A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. ^ "Trajectory: Bion 1 1973-083A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
3. Mark Wade. "Bion". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
4. Brian Harvey; Olga Zakutnyaya (2011). Russian Space Probes. Springer. p. 448. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8150-9. ISBN 978-1-4419-8149-3.
5. ^ "PowerPoint Presentation" (PDF). 130.26.92.88. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
6. Astronautyka. Vol. 73. Warsaw: Ossolineum. 1974. ISSN 0004-623X.

Bibliography

• Kozlov, D. I. (1996), Mashnostroenie, ed.; Konstruirovanie avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatov, Moscow, ISBN
• Melnik, T. G. (1997), Nauka, ed.; Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Sili, Moscow, ISBN
• "Bion' nuzhen lyudyam", Novosti Kosmonavtiki, (6): 35, 1996

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