.jpg)
The Birmingham School was a group of landscape artists working in Birmingham, England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; descending from Daniel Bond, who was active in the 1760s, and including well-known later figures such as Thomas Creswick, Thomas Baker and David Cox, who was to become an early precursor of impressionism.
Although the artists of the school were not formally organised, they were related by their common technique, which distinguished them from the broader field of contemporary landscapists. In particular the Birmingham School is notable for its emphasis on character as well as precision in its portrayal of nature; for example often depicting trees in a manner that has more in common with portraiture, and showing "a quest for the essential, the quiddity of what is observed". Many of the artists were also related by training: Bond taught in the 1760s and pupils of his exhibited at the Free Society of Artists in London in 1763; Joseph Barber opened a drawing academy in 1801 where pupils included Cox and Baker; and Samuel Lines opened another academy in 1806 where pupils included Creswick.
Members
- Daniel Bond (1725–1803)
- Joseph Barber (1758–1811)
- Samuel Lines (1778–1863)
- Charles Barber (1783–1854)
- David Cox (1783–1859)
- W. Roberts (1788–1867)
- Joseph Vincent Barber (1788–1838)
- H. C. Allport (fl. 1811–23)
- Henry Harris Lines (1801–1889)
- Samuel Rostill Lines (1804–1833)
- F. H. Henshaw (1807–1891)
- Thomas Baker (1809–1864)
- Thomas Creswick (1811–1869)
- George Wallis (1811–1891)
- C. T. Burt (1823–902)
- Harry John Johnson (1826–1884)
- Elijah Walton(1832–1880)
See also
References
- ^ Grant, Maurice Harold (1958), "The Birmingham School of Landscape", A chronological history of the old English landscape painters, in oil, from the 16th century to the 19th century, vol. 2, Leigh-on-Sea: F. Lewis, p. 167, OCLC 499875203
- Pillement, Georges (1978), "The Precursors of Impressionism", in Sérullaz, Maurice (ed.), Phaidon Encyclopedia of Impressionism, Oxford: Phaidon, p. 39, ISBN 978-0-7148-1897-9
- Wildman, Stephen (1990), The Birmingham school: paintings, drawings and prints by Birmingham artists from the permanent collection, Birmingham: Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7093-0171-4
- Grindle, Nicholas (2004), "Bond, Daniel (bap. 1725, d. 1803), painter and japanner", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.), Oxford University Press, retrieved 14 January 2012
- Hartnell, Roy (1996), Pre-Raphaelite Birmingham, Studley: Brewin Books, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-85858-064-7