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Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi (Arabic: بشر أمين خليل الراوي, Bišr Amīn Ḫalīl ar-Rawī) (born 23 December 1960) is an Iraqi citizen, who became a resident of the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Arrested in Gambia on a business trip in November 2002, he was transferred to United States military custody and held until 30 March 2007, in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camp at its naval base in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 906. The Department of Defense reports that Al Rawi was born on 23 December 1960, in Baghdad, Iraq.

Bisher contends that he was on a business trip to Gambia with his friend and business associate, Jamil al-Banna, when he was arrested by the Gambian National Intelligence Agency on arrival at Banjul airport on 8 November 2002. He was turned over to US authorities, who transported him to Bagram Airbase. In detention, he helped Moazzam Begg, another British citizen, prepare meals for detainees. From there, they were shipped to Guantanamo Bay. The US contends that Bisher was held under suspicion of links with al-Qaeda. He was ultimately released without charges.

Early life

Bisher Amin Khalil al-Rawi was born in Baghdad, Iraq. He emigrated to the United Kingdom and was given legal resident status. He lived in West London, married and had a family.

Cooperation with MI5 in London

Following the 11 September 2001, attacks in the United States, Bisher was contacted by MI5 officers. He decided to cooperate with them in answering questions about the Muslim community in London, in the belief that he could help provide insight and ease tensions between the Muslims and other Britons.

Arrest in Gambia

Bisher al-Rawi and Jamil al-Banna flew to Gambia to meet a shipment of machine parts to be used to set up an edible oil factory, which was owned by Bisher's brother. The two men, along with two others, were taken into custody by the Gambian National Intelligence Agency on their arrival at Banjul airport in Gambia on 8 November 2002, purportedly on suspicion of alleged links to al-Qaeda and advice from British security authorities. At first the two men were under a kind of unofficial house arrest. They were not formally charged with any crimes under Gambian law. They were told that they would be released when their machinery had been checked to make sure it was not something that could be used for terrorism.

They were not detained in a Gambian jail, but rather in a CIA "snatch team" safe house, which was provided by American security officials. They were guarded by Gambians and interrogated by American agents.

In late December 2002, the CIA decided to transport them from Gambia. The "black team" that arrived to escort them wore black uniforms, and their faces were covered by black balaclavas. They cut the clothes from the detainees' bodies and bound them for transportation. The two men were illegally "rendered" to Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan where they were imprisoned underground in total darkness for weeks.

In March 2003, Jamil al-Banna and Bisher al-Rawi were transferred to United States military custody at Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

Combatant Status Review Tribunal

Following the United States Supreme Court decision in Rasul v. Bush (2004) that detainees had the right to habeas corpus challenge of their detention before an impartial tribunal, the Bush administration quickly set up a system of Combatant Status Review Tribunals to review each detainee's case, to be followed when warranted by military commissions to try prisoners on charges. These were intended to replace detainees' going to federal court for habeas corpus reviews.

Most of the CSRTs took place from the fall of 2004 through early 2005. They did not follow the rules for the use of hearsay and other evidence from the federal or military justice systems.

Al Rawi was among the 60% of prisoners who participated in the tribunal hearings. A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for the tribunal of each detainee. The allegations were sometimes based on hearsay or classified evidence which the detainee was not allowed to see. Detainees had no legal counsel, only military-assigned Personal Representatives.

Al Rawi's Summary of Evidence made the following allegations as justification for his detention as an enemy combatant:

• The detainee is associated with al Qaida:
• The detainee provided harbour in London, United Kingdom to a known al-Qaeda fugitive named Abu Qatada.
• The detainee assisted Abu Qatada by locating an apartment where the fugitive hid from British authorities.
• Abu Qatada has strong links to senior al-Qaeda operatives and facilitated the travel of individuals to an al Qaida guesthouse located in Pakistan.
• Abu Qatada is a known al-Qaeda operative who was arrested in the United Kingdom as a danger to national security.
• In addition to helping Abu Qatada evade British authorities, al-Rawi transferred funds between branches of the Arab Bank at Abu Qatada's direction in 1999 or 2000.
• In November 2002, the detainee was arrested in Gambia after arriving from the United Kingdom and was later transferred to US custody at its airbase in Bagram, Afghanistan.

Requested witnesses

Al Rawi requested seven witnesses for his tribunal:

The Tribunal's president had initially ruled that witnesses were irrelevant. During the course of Al Rawi's testimony, the President decided that the testimony of Alex, Matthew and Martin was relevant after all. He directed the Tribunal's Recorder to locate them. The Tribunal's Recorder was unable to locate them. The reason the President changed his mind is redacted.

Testimony

Al Rawi's testimony contained many redacted sections.

MI5 informant

In 2006, the Justice Jed Rakoff of the US District Court for the District of Columbia filed a court order forcing the Department of Defense to release documents from detainees' Combatant Status Review Tribunals. Based on this, media reported that Bisher and some other detainees who were legal residents of Britain had served as informants for Britain's counter-intelligence agency, MI5, but were being held at Guantanamo Bay. By this time, all but one of the British citizens at Guantanamo had been repatriated. The British government started to press the United States for release of British legal residents as well.

Comfort items

One of Al Rawi's lawyer's, Brent Mickum, described how comfort items were withheld from Al Rawi. Al Rawi's toilet paper ration was fifteen sheets a day. However, when he tried using sheets of toilet paper to block out the 24 hours of light in his cell, his toilet paper ration was withheld. When Al Rawi was subject to extreme temperatures and was kept in a very cold cell, his prayer rug was confiscated when he tried to use it as a blanket.

Repatriation request

The Guardian reported, on 20 April 2006, that the British Foreign Office had formally requested that Bisher al-Rawi be released to return to Britain.

On 3 October 2006, The Times reported that the United States had agreed, in confidential talks in June 2006, to return all nine of the British residents held in Guantanamo—but only under stringent conditions. The US stipulated that Britain should undertake round-the-clock surveillance of the detainees, which it considered too expensive to undertake, as well as unnecessary. According to The Times, "Although the men are accused of terrorist involvement, British officials say that there is not enough evidence to justify the level of surveillance demanded by the US and that the strict conditions stipulated are unworkable and unnecessary." The Times reported that the UK government was most interested in the return of Bisher, since he had cooperated with MI5.

Release

On 29 March 2007, UK Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett announced that the UK Government had negotiated al-Rawi's return from Guantanamo. According to the Associated Press, Beckett issued a statement to Parliament which said:

We have now agreed with the U.S. authorities that Mr. al-Rawi will be returned to the U.K. shortly, as soon as the practical arrangements have been made. This decision follows extensive discussions to address the security implications of Mr. Al-Rawi's return.

Beckett's announcement didn't say anything about al-Rawi's travelling companion Jamil al-Banna, or the other remaining former UK residents who remain held in Guantanamo. Nor did she announce an exact return date. Al-Rawi's home, in Britain, is in Beckett's constituency.

Al-Rawi had been released by 3 April 2007. According to the New Zealand Herald he said:

I am delighted to be back in England, with my family. After four years in Guantanamo Bay, my nightmare is finally at an end. As happy as I am to be home though, leaving my best friend, Jamil el-Banna, behind in Guantanamo Bay makes my freedom bitter-sweet. Jamil was arrested with me in the Gambia on exactly the same unfounded allegations, yet he is still a prisoner...

Civil suit

On 1 August 2007, Bisher al Rawi joined a civil suit filed under the United States' Alien Tort Statute, with the assistance of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Al Rawi was joined with four other men, Abou Elkassim Britel, Binyam Mohamed, Ahmed Agiza, and Mohamed Farag Ahmad Bashmilah, in suing Jeppesen Dataplan, a Boeing subsidiary which had arranged the extraordinary rendition flights by which the men had been illegally transported.

References

1. documents (.pdf) from Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi's Combatant Status Review Tribunal
2. OARDEC (15 May 2006). "List of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba from January 2002 through May 15, 2006" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
3. Begg, Moazzam, "Enemy Combatant", 2006
4. The Guardian (2007). "Sabah el-Banna – Profile". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
5. Brent Mickum (12 January 2005). "Tortured, humiliated and crying out for some justice". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
6. "Bisher Amin Khalil Al Rawi". Daily Telegraph. 27 April 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
7. OARDEC, Index to Transcripts of Detainee Testimony and Documents Submitted by Detainees at Combatant Status Review Tribunals Held at Guantanamo Between July 2004 and March 2005 Archived 3 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 4 September 2007
8. documents (.pdf) from Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi's Combatant Status Review Tribunal – mirror – pages 2–84
9. [http://wid.ap.org/documents/detainees/bisheralrawi.pdf Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi, Legal Sufficiency Review, Combatant Status Review Tribunal, p. 6
10. عراقي معتقل في غوانتانامو: الاستخبارات البريطانية طلبت مني التجسس على أبو قتادة
11. Unclassified Summary of Basis for Tribunal decision (.pdf), Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi's Combatant Status Review Tribunal, p. 12
12. "Britain will ask U.S. to hand over Guantanamo detainee", Duluth News Tribune, 27 March 2006
13. "Courted as Spies, Held as Combatants: British Residents Enlisted by MI5 After Sept. 11 Languish at Guantanamo", The Washington Post, 2 April 2006
14. Brent Mickum (8 January 2007). "Guantánamo's lost souls". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
15. Straw demands release of man with MI5 links from Guantánamo, The Guardian, 20 April 2006
16. "UK appeals for release of 'informer' from Guantanamo" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Islamic Republic News Agency, 20 April 2006
17. ^ Britain refused US offer to return Guantanamo detainees, The Times, 3 October 2006
18. UK, US at odds on threat from Guantanamo inmates, The Washington Post, 3 October 2006
19. Robert DeVries (29 March 2007). "UK resident to be released from Guantanamo". The Jurist. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
20. ^ Tariq Panja (29 March 2007). "Briton to Be Freed From Guantanamo". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
21. Kim Sengupta (3 April 2007). "Freedom bitter-sweet, best friend still at Guantanamo". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
22. "Two More Victims of CIA's Rendition Program, Including Former Guantánamo Detainee, Join ACLU Lawsuit Against Boeing Subsidiary". American Civil Liberties Union. 1 August 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
23. Marc Ambinder (12 June 2009). "Obama Holds On To State Secrets Privilege in Jeppesen Case". Atlantic magazine. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
24. "Italian 'Extraordinary Rendition' Victim Still Held in Morocco Based On Tortured Confession". PR Newswire. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
25. Michael P. Abate (June 2009). "Mohamed et al. v Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc" (PDF). United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
26. "Mohamed et al. v Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc". ACLU. June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.

External links

• "UN Secret Detention Report (Part Two): CIA Prisons in Afghanistan and Iraq", Andy Worthington, 16 June 2010
• A letter to the Times re: Moazzam Begg and Amnesty by Bisher al-Rawi, Andy Worthington, 11 February 2010
• "Tortured, humiliated and crying out for some justice", The Guardian, 12 January 2005
• "UK's 'forgotten' Cuba detainees", BBC, 25 January 2005

• 1960 births
• Living people
• Iraqi extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
• British people of Iraqi descent
• People from Baghdad
• Iraqi emigrants to the United Kingdom
• Guantanamo detainees known to have been released
• Iraqi Sunni Muslims