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Black Mountain is the ninth-highest peak in the Davis Mountains and it ranks as 21st-highest in the state of Texas. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 2,000 feet (610 m) above Big Aguja Canyon in 1.25 mile (2 km). The mountain is composed of 35 million-year-old igneous rock. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Black Mountain is located in a semi-arid climate zone with hot summers and cold winters. This climate supports Douglas fir, aspen, Arizona cypress, maple, ponderosa pine, and madrone growing on the slopes. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's slopes drains into the Pecos River watershed. The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and has been reported in publications since at least 1902.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11. ISSN1027-5606.