| Bluish-fronted jacamar | |
|---|---|
| |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Galbulidae |
| Genus: | Galbula |
| Species: | G. cyanescens |
| Binomial name | |
| Galbula cyanescens Deville, 1849 | |
| |
The bluish-fronted jacamar (Galbula cyanescens) is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
Taxonomy and systematics
The bluish-fronted jacamar is monotypic. It and the rufous-tailed (Galbula ruficauda), white-chinned (G. tombacea), coppery-chested (G. pastazae), and green-tailed jacamars (G. galbula) are considered to form a superspecies.
Description
The bluish-fronted jacamar is 20 to 23 cm (7.9 to 9.1 in) long and weighs 22 to 26 g (0.78 to 0.92 oz). The male's crown, including the forehead ("front") is metallic green to bluish and the upper parts are metallic green with a bluish gloss. The chin and upper throat are blackish, the lower throat and chest green, and the rest of the underparts rufous. The female differs only in that the lower breast and belly are ochraceous.
Distribution and habitat
The bluish-fronted jacamar is found east of the Andes and south of the Amazon River, in eastern Peru, in western Brazil as far east as the Madeira River, and south into Bolivia's La Paz Department. It inhabits humid primary forest, gallery forest, and secondary forest up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) elevation. It is typically found in mid-stage succession vegetation along the forest edges and especially along watercourses and lakesides.
Behavior
Feeding
The bluish-fronted jacamar's diet has not been described in detail but is believed to be many kinds of flying insects. It perches on exposed branches or in scrub and sallies from there to capture its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.
Breeding
The bluish-fronted jacamar's breeding phenology has not been documented.
Vocalization
The bluish-fronted jacamar's song is rendered as "kip kip-kip-kipkikikrkrkrrr-kree-kree-kree-kip-kip-kikikrrrrreeuw" .
Status
The IUCN has assessed the bluish-fronted jacamar as being of Least Concern. It appears to be common throughout its range and occurs in several protected areas.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Galbula cyanescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682212A92935419. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682212A92935419.en. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
- ^ Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and A. Bonan (2020). Bluish-fronted Jacamar (Galbula cyanescens), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blfjac1.01 retrieved May 10, 2021
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021