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Bombesin

Names
Other names Pyr-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2
Identifiers
CAS Number	31362-50-2
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL437027
ChemSpider	17290379
IUPHAR/BPS	616
PubChem CID	16133800
UNII	PX9AZU7QPK
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1037149
InChI InChI=1S/C71H110N24O18S/c1-34(2)24-47(92-62(105)43(14-11-22-79-71(76)77)89-64(107)45(15-18-52(72)96)90-63(106)44-17-20-55(99)85-44)61(104)81-31-56(100)87-51(28-54(74)98)69(112)91-46(16-19-53(73)97)65(108)94-49(26-38-29-80-41-13-10-9-12-40(38)41)66(109)84-37(7)60(103)95-58(36(5)6)70(113)82-32-57(101)86-50(27-39-30-78-33-83-39)68(111)93-48(25-35(3)4)67(110)88-42(59(75)102)21-23-114-8/h9-10,12-13,29-30,33-37,42-51,58,80H,11,14-28,31-32H2,1-8H3,(H2,72,96)(H2,73,97)(H2,74,98)(H2,75,102)(H,78,83)(H,81,104)(H,82,113)(H,84,109)(H,85,99)(H,86,101)(H,87,100)(H,88,110)(H,89,107)(H,90,106)(H,91,112)(H,92,105)(H,93,111)(H,94,108)(H,95,103)(H4,76,77,79)/t37-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,58-/m0/s1Key: QXZBMSIDSOZZHK-DOPDSADYSA-N InChI=1/C71H110N24O18S/c1-34(2)24-47(92-62(105)43(14-11-22-79-71(76)77)89-64(107)45(15-18-52(72)96)90-63(106)44-17-20-55(99)85-44)61(104)81-31-56(100)87-51(28-54(74)98)69(112)91-46(16-19-53(73)97)65(108)94-49(26-38-29-80-41-13-10-9-12-40(38)41)66(109)84-37(7)60(103)95-58(36(5)6)70(113)82-32-57(101)86-50(27-39-30-78-33-83-39)68(111)93-48(25-35(3)4)67(110)88-42(59(75)102)21-23-114-8/h9-10,12-13,29-30,33-37,42-51,58,80H,11,14-28,31-32H2,1-8H3,(H2,72,96)(H2,73,97)(H2,74,98)(H2,75,102)(H,78,83)(H,81,104)(H,82,113)(H,84,109)(H,85,99)(H,86,101)(H,87,100)(H,88,110)(H,89,107)(H,90,106)(H,91,112)(H,92,105)(H,93,111)(H,94,108)(H,95,103)(H4,76,77,79)/t37-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,58-/m0/s1Key: QXZBMSIDSOZZHK-DOPDSADYBX
SMILES /N=C(\N)/NCCC(C(=O)N(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N(Cc1cc2c1cccc2)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N(Cc3ccn3)C(=O)N(CC(C)C)C(=O)N(CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)4CCC(=O)N4
Properties
Chemical formula	C71H110N24O18S
Molar mass	1619.85
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references

Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) by Vittorio Erspamer et al. and named after its source. It has two known homologs in mammals called neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide. It stimulates gastrin release from G cells. It activates three different G-protein-coupled receptors known as BBR1, -2, and -3. It also activates these receptors in the brain. Together with cholecystokinin, it is the second major source of negative feedback signals that stop eating behaviour.

Bombesin is also a tumor marker for small cell carcinoma of lung, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and neuroblastoma.

Receptors

The anuran BB₄ receptor homologue is termed frog BB₄ (fBB₄). Iwabuchi et al. 2003 discovered a chicken (Gallus domesticus) receptor which is homologous to both the mammalian BB₃ and fBB₄ and so they named it chBRS-3.5.

Effects

Erspamer 1988 finds bombesin has a similar effect on the chicken to ranatensin, unreliably increasing or decreasing blood pressure.

See also

• Gastrin-releasing peptide
• Neuromedin B
• Neuromedin U

References

1. Gonzalez N, Moody TW, Igarashi H, Ito T, Jensen RT (February 2008). "Bombesin-related peptides and their receptors: recent advances in their role in physiology and disease states". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f3709b. PMC 2631407. PMID 18185064.
2. • Anastasi, A.; Erspamer, Vittorio; Bucci, M. (1971). "Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, two analogous active peptides from the skin of the european amphibians Bombina and Alytes". Experientia. 27 (2). Springer: 166–167. doi:10.1007/bf02145873. ISSN 0014-4754. PMID 5544731. S2CID 30779940.
   • Verkhratsky, Alexei; Nedergaard, Maiken (2018-01-01). "Physiology of Astroglia". Physiological Reviews. 98 (1). American Physiological Society: 239–389. doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 6050349. PMID 29351512.
   • M., H. (1972). "Toxicon Reviews". Toxicon. 10 (2). International Society on Toxinology + Brazilian Society of Toxinology + North American Society of Toxinology (Elsevier): 189. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(72)90248-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 5544731. S2CID 32711539.
   • Daniel, Edwin E., ed. (2019-08-15). Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-28576-9. OCLC 1112671803.
3. ^ Jensen, R. T.; Battey, J. F.; Spindel, E. R.; Benya, R. V. (2007-11-30). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian Bombesin Receptors: Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, Signaling, and Functions in Normal and Disease States". Pharmacological Reviews. 60 (1). American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET): 1–42. doi:10.1124/pr.107.07108. ISSN 0031-6997. PMC 2517428. PMID 18055507. NIHMSID 45053.
4. Weber HC (February 2009). "Regulation and signaling of human bombesin receptors and their biological effects". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 16 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32831cf5aa. PMID 19115523. S2CID 45482442.
5. Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K (November 2000). "Bombesin-like peptides: studies on food intake and social behaviour with receptor knock-out mice". Annals of Medicine. 32 (8): 519–29. doi:10.3109/07853890008998831. PMID 11127929. S2CID 24431961.
6. Ohlsson B, Fredäng N, Axelson J (December 1999). "The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 34 (12): 1224–9. doi:10.1080/003655299750024742. PMID 10636070.
7. • Erspamer, Vittorio (1988). "Discovery, Isolation, and Characterization of Bombesin-like Peptides". Part I. Chemistry and Molecular Biology of Bombesin-like Peptides. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 547 (1 Bombesin-Like). NYAS (WB): 3–9. Bibcode:1988NYASA.547....3E. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb23870.x. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 3071223. S2CID 83974453.
   • Moreno, Paola; Mantey, Samuel A.; Nakamura, Taichi; Nuche-Berenguer, Bernardo; Moody, Terry W.; Coy, David H.; Jensen, Robert T. (2001-09-06). "Insights into Bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances". Peptides. 72. Elsevier: 128–144. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026. PMC 4641779. PMID 25976083. NIHMSID 697823.
   • Daniel, Edwin E., ed. (2019-08-15). Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-28576-9. OCLC 1112671803.
   • Jensen, R. T.; Battey, J. F.; Spindel, E. R.; Benya, R. V. (2007-11-30). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian Bombesin Receptors: Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, Signaling, and Functions in Normal and Disease States". Pharmacological Reviews. 60 (1). American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET): 1–42. doi:10.1124/pr.107.07108. ISSN 0031-6997. PMC 2517428. PMID 18055507. NIHMSID 45053.

• Neuropeptides
• Pyrrolidones
• Tryptamines
• Imidazoles