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Building 40, Army Medical School is a Georgian revival structure in the Walter Reed Army Medical Center complex in northern Washington, D.C., USA. It was built between 1922 and '32 to house the Army Medical School, which became the Army Medical Center in 1923 when it — under the name “Medical Department Professional Service School” (MDPSS) — combined with the Walter Reed General Hospital. The MDPSS ultimately became the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, which occupied Building 40 from 1953 to '99. It comprises four wings, known as the Craig (1924), Sternberg and Vedder (1932), and Siler (1962) Pavilions and is situated at 14th and Dahlia Streets.

Structure

The original block of Building 40 is designed in a more elaborate version of the Colonial/Georgian-Revival style established in the nearby Walter Reed General Hospital (Building 1). The large, brick, three-story building is embellished with elaborate classical limestone trim at its entrances. The raised basement is stone. The three main floors are brick; rusticated on the first floor and smooth on the second and third, with stone belt courses and a deep projecting dentilled stone cornice. A high parapet surrounds the flat roof. It is a complex brick and limestone structure, consisting of an original H-shaped block and a later addition on the west. The original block appears to have been designed as a unit.

The east elevation was clearly intended to be the principal façade of the original building. The main entrance is located in the center of the crossbar of the H and the end elevations of both projecting wings are elaborately finished. Four pairs of giant order Tuscan engaged columns ornament the monumental pedimented pavilion that houses the main entrance and a large stone cartouche, bearing the caduceus symbol of the U.S. Army Medical Corps, is mounted in the center of the parapet. Today, air conditioners and pipes, probably used for ventilation, protrude from all major elevations. The entire building is now (2009) vacant and in bad condition, with many broken windows and evidence of water damage on the interior.

Pavilions

The long north and south pavilions (wings) of the original building are virtually identical. The south (Craig) pavilion was completed in 1924, but work on the parallel north (Vedder) pavilion and the Sternberg crossbar apparently continued until 1932. The addition, the Siler Pavilion, was reportedly built in 1962, but appears much older. The outward-facing front elevation of each wing consists of four bays, each containing groupings of three windows, on either side of a projecting five-bay central pavilion that contains the main entrance. Within each side bay, rectangular stone panels combine the windows on the second and third floor into vertical groupings. On the east ends of the wings, double entrance doors are set within molded stone surrounds and brick pilasters with stone pedestals and caps frame the windows on the second and third floors.

• The North or "Vedder Pavilion" is named for Col. Edward Bright Vedder (1878-1952) who established polished rice extract as the proper treatment for beri-beri;
• The South or "Craig Pavilion" is named for Col. Charles Franklin Craig (1872-1950) who in the Philippines proved (1907; with Percy M. Ashburn) dengue to be a filterable agent (virus) and later showed the mosquito Aedes aegypti responsible for dengue transmission;
• The East or "Sternberg Pavilion" is named for Brig. Gen. George Miller Sternberg (1838-1915), the U.S. Army Surgeon General and co-discoverer of the pneumococcus, known as the "Father of American Bacteriology";
• The West or "Siler Pavilion" is named for Col. Joseph Franklin Siler (1875-1960), who in 1925 first injected dengue virus in serum into humans producing disease and "closing the loop" on dengue transmissibility.

Addition

An addition covers the entire west elevation of the original block. Because the lot slopes slightly from east to west, this elevation is a full four stories high. The stripped Classical style of the addition was designed to harmonize with the original block. The limestone water table, belt course, and projecting cornice are simplified versions of the ones on the original block. Recessed metal panels tie the eight-pane metal-framed casement windows on the first, second, and third levels into the same kind of vertical grouping found on the original building. There are two simple double entrance doors at the basement level on the west elevation. There is a loading dock in the full-height basement level at the south end of the addition.

History

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Building 40 was home to the four successors to the Army Medical School: the Medical Department Professional Service School (1923-1947), the Army Medical Department Research and Graduate School (1947-1950), the Army Medical Service Graduate School (1950-1953), and finally the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (1953-1999). In 1999, WRAIR relocated to its present Forest Glen, Maryland site.

One of the earliest nuclear reactors in the United States was installed in the basement of the building's addition. The reactor was decommissioned in the late 1970s. In 2009, Building 40 was proposed for historic landmark status along with a proposed "Walter Reed Army Medical Center Historic District"

While Building 40 may no longer be actively used, its historic significance as a cornerstone of military medicine in the United States remains. It stands as a testament to the dedication and innovation of medical professionals who have served in the United States military and contributed to advances in health care and public health.

Legacy

The large conference room on the second floor of Building 40 was long informally called either the “War Room” or the “Roosevelt Room”. The legend among the WRAIR staff was that in the months before the US entry into World War II, when President Franklin Roosevelt wanted to have military and cabinet meetings away from the eyes of the press and public, he would do so there. For many years before WRAIR’s move to Forest Glen, two celebrated oil paintings by illustrator Dean Cornwell hung in this conference room: Beaumont and St. Martin (1939) and Conquerors of Yellow Fever (1941). (These were part of a series of six much reproduced paintings -- "Pioneers of American Medicine” (1939-1942) -- commissioned by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.)

Notable people who worked in Building 40

• Maurice Hilleman, famed vaccinologist, Chief of Dept of Respiratory Diseases (1948–57)
• Captain Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, later a Nobel Prize winner (and child molester); assigned to AMSGS (1951–53).

References

1. Government of the District of Columbia Historic Preservation Office, “Historic Preservation Review Board Application for Historic Landmark or Historic District Designation: Walter Reed Army Medical Center Historic District” Archived December 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, n.d. .
2. A photograph published in The Washington Post, May 28, 1922, 20 shows the Sternberg crossbar; a second photo, appearing in The Washington Post, June 28, 1923, 22 appears to show the nearly completed south (Craig) wing, ProQuest Historical Newspapers database.
3. Phillips, David (ca. 1996), "Walter Reed Army Medical Center" (manuscript), prepared for Goucher College, available at WRAMC where Mr. Phillips was Cultural Resource Manager.
4. Government of the District of Columbia Historic Preservation Office, Op. cit.
5. "History". walterreedlra.com. Retrieved 2024-05-10.

See also

• List of former United States Army medical units

United States Army Medical Command
Category:United States Army
Leadership	Surgeon General of the United States Army Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
Army Medical Department	Officers Medical Corps Nurse Corps Dental Corps Veterinary Corps Medical Service Corps Medical Specialist Corps Enlisted Enlisted medical soldiers
Major Subordinate Commands	Regional commands North Atlantic RMC Southeast RMC Great Plains RMC Western RMC Europe RMC Pacific RMC Others AMEDD Center & School U.S. Army Dental Cmd U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Cmd U.S. Army Public Health Cmd U.S. Army Warrior Transition Cmd
Installations	Fort Sam Houston Fort Detrick (with Forest Glen Annex)
Medical Centers (MEDCENs)	Stateside Augusta MMC Brooke AMC Tripler AMC Eisenhower AMC Madigan AMC Womack AMC Beaumont AMC Darnall AMC Overseas Landstuhl AMC
Medical Department Activities (MEDDACs)	Hospitals Bassett ACH Jones ACH Blanchfield ACH Allgood ACH Evans ACH Wood ACH Ireland ACH Irwin ACH Keller ACH Martin ACH McDonald ACH Moncrief ACH Reynolds ACH Weed ACH Winn ACH Clinics Bliss AHC Barquist AHC Bavaria MEDDAC DiLorenzo TRICARE HC Dunham AHC Fairfax FHC Fox AHC Guthrie MEDDAC Heidelberg MEDDAC Kimbrough ACC Kenner AHC Kirk AHC Lyster AHC Munson AHC Rader AHC Woodbridge AHC Camp Zama
Field medical units	Medical Commands AR-MEDCOM 807th MCDS 3rd MCDS Medical Groups 55th Med Gp 67th Med Gp Medical Brigades 1st Med BDE 2nd Med BDE 5th Med BDE 8th Med BDE 30th Med BDE 32nd Med BDE 44th Med BDE 62nd Med BDE 65th Med BDE 176th Med BDE 139th Med BDE 307th Med BDE 330th Med BDE 332nd Med BDE 338th Med BDE 804th Med BDE Combat Support Hospitals and Field Hospitals 9th Hosp Ctr 10th Field Hospital (United States) 14th CSH 28th CSH 31th CSH 47th CSH 48th CSH 75th CSH 115th Field Hospital 121st CSH 212th CSH 228th CSH 256th CSH 325th CSH 328th CSH 345th CSH 349th CSH 352d CSH 396th CSH 399th CSH 405th CSH 452th CSH 801th CSH 865th CSH Forward Surgical Teams 1st FST 2nd FST 8th FST 67th FST 102nd FST 126th FST 135th FST 160th FST 240th FST 250th FST 274th FST (ABN) 402nd FST 541th FST (ABN) 555th FST 624th FST 628th FST 629th FST 691st FST 745th FST 758th FST 759th FST (ABN) 772nd FST 848th FST 874th FST 909th FST 911th FST 912th FST 915th FST 932nd FST 933rd FST 934th FST 936th FST 945th FST 946th FST 947th FST 948th FST 1980th FST 1982nd FST
Education	Centers, schools, etc AMEDD Center & School U.S. Army School of Aviation Medicine Borden Institute Museums National Museum of Health and Medicine AMEDD Museum Courses Captains Career Course Walter Reed Tropical Medicine Course Products Textbook of Military Medicine War Surgery in Afghanistan and Iraq
Research Institutes & Centers	Stateside Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR) U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research Overseas Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS) United States Army Medical Research Unit- Europe (USAMRU-E) U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K) Makerere University Walter Reed Project (MUWRP)
Historical	List of former United States Army medical units United States Army Hospital Corps
Other	Walter Reed Health Care System Military Vaccine Agency Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care U.S. Army Medical Information Technology Center (USAMITC)

38°58′30″N 77°01′57″W / 38.9750°N 77.0326°W / 38.9750; -77.0326

• Former installations of the United States Army
• Former research facilities of the United States Army
• Former medical research facilities of the United States Army
• School buildings completed in 1932
• Georgian Revival architecture in Washington, D.C.
• Military education and training in the United States
• Military medical installations
• Military facilities in Washington, D.C.
• 1932 establishments in Washington, D.C.