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Burkholderia thailandensis
Burkholderia thailandensis on Ashdown's media
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Family:	Burkholderiaceae
Genus:	Burkholderia
Species:	B. thailandensis
Binomial name
Burkholderia thailandensis Brett et al. 1998

Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonfermenting motile, Gram-negative bacillus that occurs naturally in soil. It is closely related to Burkholderia pseudomallei, but unlike B. pseudomallei, it only rarely causes disease in humans or animals. The lethal inoculum is approximately 1000 times higher than for B. pseudomallei. It is usually distinguished from B. pseudomallei by its ability to assimilate arabinose. Other differences between these species include lipopolysaccharide composition, colony morphology, and differences in metabolism.

Use in research

Burkholderia thailandensis is sometimes used to model B. pseudomallei infection in mice because of similarities in the immune response. B. thailandensis does not require biosafety category 3 facilities and is not considered a biosecurity threat, which makes it easier to study and to work with. Burkholderia thailandensis has secondary products that play an essential role in the ecology of soil bacteria. Co-culture studies showed that B. thailandensis strain E264 produces an antimicrobial substance that prevents the growth of other soil bacteria called Bacillus subtilis strain 168.

Small RNA

Research suggests that as in other bacteria, small non coding RNAs play a role in response to the environmental and stress conditions like antibiotic exposure and survival in a host-specific environment. Several small RNA have been discovered in B. thailandenisis: BHT_s1 and BHT_s39 exhibit differential expression profiles dependent on growth phase and cell stimuli, such as antibiotics and serum. BHT_s39 could function in bacterial metabolism and adaptation to host. BTH_s13 and BTH_s19 may regulate expression of their downstream gene.

References

1. Brett PJ, DeShazer D, Woods DE (1998). "Burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 48: 317–320. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-1-317. PMID 9542103.
2. Wuthiekanun V, Smith MD, Dance DA, Walsh AL, Pitt TL, White NJ (1996). "Biochemical characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei". J Med Microbiol. 45 (6): 408–12. doi:10.1099/00222615-45-6-408. PMID 8958243.
3. Smith MD, Angus BJ, Wuthiekanun V, White NJ (1997). "Arabinose assimilation defines a nonvirulent biotype of Burkholderia pseudomallei". Infect Immun. 65 (10): 4319–21. doi:10.1128/IAI.65.10.4319-4321.1997. PMC 175618. PMID 9317042.
4. Lertpatanasuwan N, Sermsri K, Petkaseam A, Trakulsomboon S, Thamlikitkul V, Suputtamongkol Y (1999). "Arabinose-positive Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in humans: case report". Clin Infect Dis. 28 (4): 927–28. doi:10.1086/517253. PMID 10825075.
5. Glass MB, Gee JE, Steigerwalt AG, et al. (2006). "Pneumonia and Septicemia Caused by Burkholderia thailandensis in the United States". J Clin Microbiol. 44 (12): 4601–04. doi:10.1128/JCM.01585-06. PMC 1698378. PMID 17050819.
6. Wiersinga WJ, de Vos AF, de Beer R, et al. (2007). "Inflammation patterns induced by different Burkholderia species in mice". Cell Microbiol. 10 (1): 81–87. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01016.x. PMID 17645551. S2CID 22030395.
7. Smith MD, Angus BJ, Wuthiekanun V, White NJ (1997). "Arabinose assimilation defines a nonvirulent biotype of Burkholderia pseudomallei". Infect Immun. 65 (10): 4319–321. doi:10.1128/IAI.65.10.4319-4321.1997. PMC 175618. PMID 9317042.
8. Woods DE (1999). "Species versus Biotype Status". J Clin Microbiol. 37 (11): 3786–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.37.11.3786-3787.1999. PMC 85768. PMID 10610379.
9. Wiersinga WJ, de Vos AF, de Beer R, Wieland CW, Roelofs JJTH, Woods DE (2008). "Inflammation patterns induced by different Burkholderia species in mice". Cell Microbiol. 10 (1): 81–7. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01016.x. PMID 17645551. S2CID 22030395.
10. Haraga A, West TE, Brittnacher MJ, Skerrett SJ, Miller SI (2008). "Burkholderia thailandensis as a model system for the Study of the virulence-associated type III secretion system of Burkholderia pseudomallei". Infect Immun. 76 (11): 5402–11. doi:10.1128/IAI.00626-08. PMC 2573339. PMID 18779342.
11. Morici LA, Heang J, Tate T, Didier PJ, Roy CJ (2010). "Differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to Burkholderia thailandensis aerosol infection". Microb Pathog. 48 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2009.10.004. PMC 7006035. PMID 19853031.
12. Haraga A, West TE, Brittnacher MJ, Skerrett SJ, Miller SI (2008). "Burkholderia thailandensis as a Model System for the Study of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System of Burkholderia pseudomallei". Infect Immun. 76 (11): 5402–11. doi:10.1128/IAI.00626-08. PMC 2573339. PMID 18779342.
13. Klaus, J. R., Majerczyk, C., Moon, S., Eppler, N. A., Smith, S., Tuma, E., Groleau, M.C., Asfahl, K. L., & Smalley, N. E., Nicole, E., Hayden, H. S., Piochon, M., Ball, P., Dandekar, A. A., Gauthier, C., Deziel, E., Chandler, J. R. (2020). Burkholderia thailandensis methylated hydroxyalkylquinolines: Biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity in cocultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 86(24), 1-17. doi:10.1128/AEM.01452-20
14. ^ Stubben, Chris J.; Micheva-Viteva, Sofiya N.; Shou, Yulin; Buddenborg, Sarah K.; Dunbar, John M.; Hong-Geller, Elizabeth (2014-05-19). "Differential expression of small RNAs from Burkholderia thailandensis in response to varying environmental and stress conditions". BMC Genomics. 15 (1): 385. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-385. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 4035088. PMID 24884623.

External links

• Type strain of Burkholderia thailandensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

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