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Byasa alcinous
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Byasa
Species:	B. alcinous
Binomial name
Byasa alcinous (Klug, 1836)
Synonyms
Papilio alcinous Klug, 1836 Papilio alcinous Rothschild, 1895 Papilio spathatus Butler, 1881 Papilio haemotostictus Butler, 1881 Papilio (Pharmacophagus) alcinous m.v. veris Sheljuzhko Tros alcinous Atrophaneura alcinous

Byasa alcinous, the Chinese windmill, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae.

Description

Byasa alcinous has a wingspan reaching about 9–10 centimetres (3.5–3.9 in). The basic colour of the wings is black or dark brown. The hindwings have long tails and a chain of red spots at the edges. The thorax and the abdomen are mainly black on the upperside and the underside, with several black spots, while the other areas are red. Adults are on wing from May to August in two generations.

The larvae feed on Aristolochia species including A. mandshhuriensis, A. debilis and A. manchuriensis. Subspecies has been recorded on A. shimadai, A. liukiuensis, A. kankauensis, A. elegans, A. debilis, A. kaempferii, A. onoei, A. tagala, Cocculus trilobus and Metaplexis chinensis. The species overwinters as a pupa.

Distribution

This species can be found in the Asian part of the Palaearctic realm and partially in the Indomalayan realm, from Bhutan, and eastern China to the southern Ussuri region, Korea and Japan.

Habitat

Byasa alcinous is present in mixed broadleaved forests.

Subspecies

• B. a. alcinous
• B. a. confusus (Rothschild, 1895) (Ussuri)
• B. a. yakushimana (Esaki & Umeno, 1929) (Japan)
• B. a. loochooana (Rothschild, 1896) (Japan)
• B. a. miyakoensis (Omoto, 1960) (Japan)
• B. a. bradanus (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Japan)
• B. a. mansonensis (Fruhstorfer, 1901) (south-central and south-eastern China, Taiwan)

Gallery

• Dorsal view
• Ventral view
• Caterpillar
• Chrysalis

References

1. ^ Häuser, Christoph L.; de Jong, Rienk; Lamas, Gerardo; Robbins, Robert K.; Smith, Campbell; Vane-Wright, Richard I. (28 July 2005). "Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft)". Entomological Data Information System. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
2. ^ Funet.fi
3. ^ "Butterfly Corner". Archived from the original on 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
4. Russian Insects

• Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

External links

• Global Butterfly Information System Syntype text, images of subspecies alcinous, nana, pacifica and parvummaculatus.
• Panoramio
• Atrophaneura alcinous

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• Butterflies described in 1836
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• Butterflies of Taiwan
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