Calcium magnesium acetate - Misplaced Pages

Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is a deicer and can be used as an alternative to road salt. It is approximately as corrosive as normal tap water, and in varying concentrations can be effective in stopping road ice from forming down to around −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) (its eutectic temperature). CMA can also be used as an H₂S capture agent.

Production

CMA can be produced from a reaction of a magnesium/calcium compound with glacial acetic acid. If it is reacted with dolomite or dolomitic lime, acetic acid does not need to be concentrated to produce CMA. Acetic acid production requires the fermentation of organic material which must be carried out at a pH around 6.0. Separating agents used to recover acetic acid must therefore maintain a high capacity while within this pH range. Amberlite LA-2 in 1-octanol diluent maintains nearly full capacity up to a pH value of 6.0 and is readily regenerated by aqueous, slaked dolomitic lime to form CMA, making it a good acetic acid separating agent for CMA production.

Use as road deicer

Sodium chloride road salt costs less than $50 per ton to produce but is corrosive to metals in highway structures and increases the concentration of sodium in drinking water, which can lead to adverse health effects. Alternative deicing substances have been sought to alleviate these problems. CMA has been found to be an effective deicer and environmentally benign, though its production cost of $650 per ton is much greater than the cost of road salt. Using estimates based on New York State Data, a 1992 report in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management concluded that $615 per ton would be saved in vehicle corrosion and that $75 per ton would be saved in aesthetic damage to roadside trees if the state highway agencies switched to using CMA as a deicer instead of sodium chloride rock salt, far outweighing its initial production cost. The report also warned that excessive federal subsidization of CMA could encourage its inefficient overuse.

Use for H₂S removal

CMA has the ability to form highly cenospheric oxide particles when heated to high temperatures, which contain thin, porous walls that are effective at capturing hydrogen sulfide from temperatures from 700 to 1100 °C up to 90%. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems are used to convert coal into clean, usable fuel gas which is then used to run gas turbine systems for power generation. An essential step in this conversion process is the elimination of the environmentally harmful H₂S and COS from the gas that is formed from sulfur contained in the coal.

Desulfurization mechanism

CMA (CaMg₂(CH₃COO)₆) decomposes around 380-400 °C to produce the following products: CaCO₃, MgO, CH₃COCH₃, and CO₂. CaCO₃ further decomposes around 700 °C to CaO and CO₂. A sulfidation reaction then takes place when CaO is reacted with H₂S at reducing conditions in a gasifier, yielding CaS and H₂O. CaS is finally reacted with O₂ to produce inert CaSO₄ which can then be disposed of.

References

"Deicing solution - US Patent 6436310 Description". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
Althous, J. W.; Lawrence, T. L. (1992). "Analysis of Organic Extractant Systems for Acetic Acid Removal for Calcium Magnesium Acetate Production". Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31 (8): 1971–1981. doi:10.1021/ie00008a019.
Reisinger H.; King, C. J. (1995). "Extraction and Sorption of Acetic Acid at pH above pKa to form Calcium Magnesium Acetate". Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34 (3): 845–852. doi:10.1021/ie00042a016.
Vitaliano, Donal F. (1992). "An Economic Assessment of the Social Cost of Highway Salting and the Efficiency of Substituting a New Deicing Material". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 11 (3): 397–418. doi:10.2307/3325069. JSTOR 3325069.
^ Adanez, J.; Garcia-Labiano, F.; De Diego, L. F.; Fierro, V. (1999). "Utilization of Calcium Acetate and Calcium Magnesium Acetate for H₂S Removal in Coal Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures". Energy & Fuels. 13 (2): 440–448. doi:10.1021/ef9801367.
Garcia-Labiano, F.; De Diego, L. F.; Adanez, J. (1999). "Effectiveness of Natural, Commercial, and Modified Calcium-Based Sorbents as H₂S Removal Agents at High Temperatures". Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (2): 288–293. Bibcode:1999EnST...33..288G. doi:10.1021/es980702c.

External links

Material safety data sheet