Camera Obscura (San Francisco, California)

United States historic place


Camera Obscura
U.S. National Register of Historic Places


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Location	1096 Point Lobos Ave., San Francisco, California
Coordinates	37°46′41.62″N 122°30′51.16″W / 37.7782278°N 122.5142111°W / 37.7782278; -122.5142111
Built	1946
Architectural style	Novelty
NRHP reference No.	01000522
Added to NRHP	April 20, 2001

The Camera Obscura is a large-scale camera obscura, in the Lands End area of the Outer Richmond District in western San Francisco, California.

It is located immediately adjacent to the Cliff House, perched on the headlands on the cliffs just north of Ocean Beach. Both the Camera and the Cliff House are owned by the National Park Service and are within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The Camera Obscura was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 and is within the NPS Sutro Historic District. It is within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, since being acquired by the National Park Service in 1977.

History

Cameras obscura, devices which project an image of the surroundings onto a surface using only existing exterior light sources, usually sunlight, have a long history in San Francisco. The first recorded reference to one in the city is from the 1860s in an attraction called Woodward's Gardens. A previous incarnation of the Cliff House was noted to have had a camera obscura on its fourth floor in 1896. This camera obscura was destroyed when the restaurant burned down in 1907.

When the third Cliff House opened in 1937, the owner was approached by businessman Floyd Jennings with the idea of adding a camera obscura to the cliffs beside the restaurant. It was installed on the site in 1946 and has been in continuous operation since then.

Technology

The San Francisco Camera Obscura projects an image onto a horizontal viewing table via a reflected image from a viewpoint at the top of the building. A metal hood in the cupola at the top of the building slowly rotates, making a full revolution in about six minutes, allowing for a 360° view around the building.

Light enters the building via an angled mirror in the metal hood. It then passed through a lens with a 150 in. (381 cm) focal length and is projected onto a parabolic white "table" in a black room. The origin of the lens is uncertain but it appears to have been part of a telescope, likely manufactured by the Clark Lens Company of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Preservation

The Camera Obscura was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 for its engineering significance. While the exterior of the building was extensively modified in 1957 to appear as a giant camera, the internal workings of the camera obscura, the basis of its placement on the Register, have remained unchanged since its erection in 1946. The 1957 external architecture was eligible to be evaluated for historical significance upon reaching fifty years of age in 2007.

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
"NPS-GGNRA: Sutro Historic District". Archived from the original on June 9, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
"National Park Service: The History and Significance of the Adolph Sutro Historic District" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
^ Denise Bradley (October 2000). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Camera Obscura". National Park Service. Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

Photos of the exterior and interior of the Camera Obscura, undated. (606 KiB)
"National Register #01000522 - Camera Obscura in San Francisco". NoeHill in San Francisco. Retrieved September 8, 2008.

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