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Canadian federal election results in Hamilton, Burlington and Niagara

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Seats obtained by party
  Liberal   Conservative   New Democratic   Progressive Conservative (defunct)

This page shows results of Canadian federal elections in Hamilton, Burlington, and the Niagara Region.

Regional profile

This is arguably the most competitive region in Ontario and one of the most competitive in all of Canada, as all three major parties have significant strength. Traditionally a conservative-leaning area outside of Hamilton and Welland, the Conservatives won the majority of seats in the 1970s and 1980s, aside from 1974 when the Liberals did well, taking six of nine. Before that the Liberals had dominated the area in the 1960s and from 1940 to 1953 with the Conservatives dominating in the two late 1950s elections and in the 1920s and 1930s.

The entire area went for the Liberals in their sweeps of Ontario from 1993 to 2000, with the popularity of local left-leaning Liberal Sheila Copps and the prominence of her parents (Victor and Geraldine) at the municipal level in Hamilton being major factors.

Some of this changed in 2004, the year that happened to coincide with Sheila Copps' departure from federal politics. In Hamilton proper, the New Democratic Party managed to pick up one seat from the Liberals in 2004 and picked up two more in 2006 to sweep urban Hamilton. The Conservatives picked up two seats from the Liberals in 2004 and four more in 2006, leaving the Liberals with only Welland in 2006.

The 2008 and 2011 elections saw the Liberals shutout of the area as the NDP retained its stronghold in Hamilton and added Welland from the Liberals for four seats. The Conservatives claimed the other six ridings in the area each election from 2006 to 2011.

In the 2015 Liberal election victory, the Conservatives held the three most rural ridings plus Niagara Falls, while the NDP retained two of its Hamilton seats, the two fully within the city, but lost its Welland seat (realigned and renamed to Niagara Centre) to the Liberals who claimed the other five seats in the area.

In recent decades, the Liberals have support throughout the region, but no real stronghold of support, which means there are no real safe seats for the party in this area. Several ridings are competitive 3-way districts most elections, although Hamilton's four seats and Niagara Centre generally switch between the Liberals and NDP.

Votes by party throughout time

Election Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green People's PC Reform /
Alliance
Others
1979 145,976
32.6%
100,729
22.5%
198,244
44.3%
1,917
0.4%
1980 158,449
36.7%
110,720
25.6%
160,192
37.1%
1,163
0.3%
1984 118,577
25.3%
124,216
26.5%
1,679
0.4%
221,866
47.4%
1,235
0.3%
1988 167,838
35.7%
107,028
22.8%
273
0.1%
176,752
37.6%
16,611
3.5%
1993 244,265
51.7%
25,126
5.3%
558
0.1%
78,934
16.7%
113,460
24.0%
10,274
2.2%
1997 229,069
45.7%
50,785
10.1%
974
0.2%
100,925
20.1%
112,371
22.4%
7,158
1.4%
2000 232,252
47.2%
39,678
8.1%
2,906
0.6%
77,385
15.7%
134,912
27.4%
3,448
0.7%
2004 208,507
39.7%
169,434
32.3%
121,262
23.1%
20,153
3.8%
5,142
1.0%
2006 204,069
34.7%
211,512
36.0%
144,199
24.5%
24,144
4.1%
3,703
0.6%
2008 146,954
27.5%
216,635
40.6%
128,508
24.1%
37,301
7.0%
3,263
0.6%
2011 107,300
19.1%
262,850
46.9%
166,045
29.6%
18,684
3.3%
4,255
0.8%
2015 237,146
39.1%
217,692
35.9%
129,043
21.3%
17,654
2.9%
4,378
0.7%
2019 252,374
38.8%
206,438
31.8%
134,511
20.7%
39,282
6.0%
9,537
1.5%
7,648
1.2%
2021 238,257
37.8%
207,916
33.0%
129,147
20.5%
13,848
2.2%
39,278
6.2%
1,062
0.2%
  Liberal  Conservative  New Democratic  Green  People's   Progressive Conservative (defunct)  Alliance (defunct)  Reform (defunct)

Detailed results

2015

Main article: 2015 Canadian federal election edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Conservative NDP Liberal Green Other
Burlington Mike Wallace
29,780
42.48%
David Laird
6,381
9.10%
Karina Gould
32,229
45.98%
Vince Fiorito
1,710
2.44%
Mike Wallace
Flamborough—Glanbrook David Sweet
24,137
43.48%
Mike DiLivio
7,779
14.01%
Jennifer Stebbing
21,728
39.14%
David Allan Urquhart
1,866
3.36%
New District
Hamilton Centre Yonatan Rozenszajn
6,018
14.65%
David Christopherson
18,719
45.56%
Anne Tennier
13,718
33.39%
Ute Schmid-Jones
1,778
4.33%
Maria Anastasiou (Ind.)
186 0.45%
David Christopherson
Michael James Baldasaro (Mar.)
348 0.85%
Rob Young (Libert.)
316 0.77%
Hamilton East—
Stoney Creek
Diane Bubanko
12,715
25.26%
Wayne Marston
16,465
32.71%
Bob Bratina
19,622
38.99%
Erin Davis
1,305
2.59%
Wendell Fields (M-L)
55 0.11%
Wayne Marston
Bob Mann (Comm.)
170 0.34%
Hamilton Mountain Al Miles
12,991
25.70%
Scott Duvall
18,146
35.89%
Shaun Burt
16,933
33.49%
Raheem Aman
1,283
2.54%
Andrew James Caton (Libert.)
763 1.51%
Chris Charlton
Jim Enos (CHP)
438 0.87%
Hamilton West—
Ancaster—Dundas
Vincent Samuel
19,821
31.83%
Alex Johnstone
10,131
16.27%
Filomena Tassi
29,694
47.68%
Peter Ormond
2,633
4.23%
David Sweet
Ancaster—Dundas—
Flamborough—Westdale
Milton Lisa Raitt
22,378
45.38%
Alex Anabusi
5,366
10.88%
Azim Rizvee
19,940
40.44%
Mini Batra
1,131
2.29%
Chris Jewell (Libert.)
493
1.00%
New District
Niagara Centre Leanna Villella
16,248
29.71%
Malcolm Allen
17,218
31.49%
Vance Badawey
19,513
35.68%
David Clow
1,316
2.41%
Jody Di Bartolomeo (Animal All.)
291 0.53%
Malcolm Allen
Welland
Ron J. Walker (M-L)
96 0.18%
Niagara Falls Rob Nicholson
27,235
42.09%
Carolynn Ioannoni
13,525
20.90%
Ron Planche
22,318
34.49%
Steven Soos
1,633
2.52%
Rob Nicholson
Niagara West Dean Allison
24,732
48.82%
Nameer Rahman
5,802
11.45%
Phil Rose
16,581
32.73%
Sid Frere
1,511
2.98%
Allan de Roo (Libert.)
797 1.57%
Dean Allison
Niagara West—Glanbrook
Harold Jonker (CHP)
1,234 2.44%
St. Catharines Rick Dykstra
21,637
37.57%
Susan Erskine-Fournier
9,511
16.51%
Chris Bittle
24,870
43.18%
Jim Fannon
1,488
2.58%
Saleh Waziruddin (Comm.)
85
0.15%
Rick Dykstra

Source:

2011

Main article: 2011 Canadian federal election edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Conservative Liberal NDP Green Christian Heritage Other
Ancaster—Dundas—
Flamborough—Westdale
David Sweet
30,240
51.25%
Dave Braden
14,594
24.74%
Nancy MacBain
10,956
18.57%
Peter Michael Ormond
2,963
5.02%
Jamilé Ghaddar (M-L)
77 0.13
David Sweet
Anthony Giles (Libert.)
170 0.29
Burlington Mike Wallace
32,958
54.16%
Alyssa Brierley
14,154
23.26%
David Laird
11,449
18.81%
Graham Reid Mayberry
2,151
3.53%
Elaine Baetz (M-L)
140
0.23%
Mike Wallace
Halton Lisa Raitt
44,214
54.52%
Connie Laurin-Bowie
20,903
25.77%
Pat Heroux
12,960
15.98%
Judi Remigio
2,778
3.43%
Tony Rodrigues
249
0.31%
Lisa Raitt
Hamilton Centre Jim Byron
11,020
26.36%
Anne Tennier
5,912
14.14%
David Christopherson
23,849
57.04%
Michael Baldasaro (Mar.)
780 1.87%
David Christopherson
Lisa Nussey (M-L)
252 0.60%
Hamilton East—
Stoney Creek
Brad Clark
17,567
36.19%
Michelle Stockwell
6,411
13.21%
Wayne Marston
21,931
45.18%
Dave Hart Dyke
1,450
2.99%
Wendell Fields (M-L)
95 0.20%
Wayne Marston
Gord Hill (PC)
468 0.96%
Bob Green Innes (CAP)
92 0.19%
Bob Mann (Comm.)
138 0.28%
Greg Pattinson (Libert.)
385 0.79%
Hamilton Mountain Terry Anderson
17,936
33.05%
Marie Bountrogianni
8,787
16.19%
Chris Charlton
25,595
47.17%
Stephen Brotherson
1,505
2.77%
Jim Enos
270
0.50%
Henryk Adamiec (Ind.)
171
0.32%
Chris Charlton
Niagara Falls Rob Nicholson
28,748
53.26%
Bev Hodgson
10,206
18.91%
Heather Kelley
12,681
23.49%
Shawn Willick
2,086
3.86%
Harold Jonker
259
0.48%
Rob Nicholson
Niagara West—Glanbrook Dean Allison
33,701
57.25%
Stephen Bieda
8,699
14.78%
David Heatley
12,734
21.63%
Sid Frere
2,530
4.30%
Bryan Jongbloed
1,199
2.04%
Dean Allison
St. Catharines Rick Dykstra
25,571
50.86%
Andrew Gill
10,358
20.60%
Mike Williams
11,973
23.82%
Jennifer Mooradian
1,924
3.83%
Dave Bylsma
357
0.71%
Saleh Waziruddin (Comm.)
91
0.18%
Rick Dykstra
Welland Leanna Villella
20,895
40.24%
John Maloney
7,276
14.01%
Malcolm Allen
21,917
42.21%
Robin Williamson
1,297
2.50%
David Vangoolen
299
0.58%
Ray Game (Ind.)
169 0.33%
Malcolm Allen
Ron Walker (M-L)
71 0.14%

Source:

2008

Main article: 2008 Canadian federal election edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Conservative Liberal NDP Green Other
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale David Sweet
26,297
46.50%
Arlene MacFarlane-VanderBeek
15,322
27.10%
Gordon Guyatt
9,632
17.03%
Peter Ormond
5,149
9.11%
Jamie Ghaddar (M-L)
148
0.26%
David Sweet
Burlington Mike Wallace
28,614
48.60%
Paddy Torsney
19,577
33.25%
David Laird
6,597
11.21%
Marnie Mellish
4,083
6.94%
Mike Wallace
Halton Lisa Raitt
32,986
47.50%
Garth Turner
25,136
36.19%
Robert Wagner
6,118
8.81%
Amy Collard
4,872
7.02%
Tony Rodrigues (CHP)
337
0.49%
Garth Turner
Hamilton Centre Leon O'Connor
9,051
22.28%
Helen M. Wilson
7,164
17.63%
David Christopherson
20,010
49.25%
John Livingstone
3,625
8.92%
Anthony Giles (Libert.)
528 1.30%
David Christopherson
Lisa Nussey (M-L)
126 0.31%
Ryan Sparrow (Comm.)
125 0.31%
Hamilton East—Stoney Creek Frank Rukavina
11,556
23.95%
Larry Di Ianni
13,445
27.89%
Wayne Marston
19,919
41.28%
Dave William Hart Dyke
2,142
4.44%
Sam Cino (Ind.)
323 0.67%
Wayne Marston
Gord Hill (PC)
853 1.77%
Hamilton Mountain Terry Anderson
16,010
30.66%
Tyler Banham
10,531
20.17%
Chris Charlton
22,796
43.65%
Stephen Brotherston
2,884
5.52%
Chris Charlton
Niagara Falls Rob Nicholson
24,016
46.70%
Joyce Morocco
13,867
26.97%
Eric Gillespie
9,186
17.86%
Shawn Willick
4,356
8.47%
Rob Nicholson
Niagara West—Glanbrook Dean Allison
28,089
51.98%
Heather Carter
12,955
23.97%
Dave Heatley
7,980
14.77%
Sid Frere
3,897
7.21%
Dave Bylsma (CHP)
1,118
2.07%
Dean Allison
St. Catharines Rick Dykstra
23,474
45.90%
Walt Lastewka
14,652
28.65%
George N. Addison
9,428
18.43%
Jim Fannon
3,477
6.80%
Sam Hammond (Comm.)
113
0.22%
Rick Dykstra
Welland Alf Kiers
16,542
32.32%
John Maloney
14,295
27.93%
Malcolm Allen
16,842
32.91%
Jennifer Mooradian
2,816
5.50%
Jody Di Bartolomeo (Ind.)
569 1.11%
John Maloney
Ron Walker (M-L)
114 0.22%

Source:

2006

Main article: 2006 Canadian federal election

Party rankings

Continuing the trend started in 2004, the Liberal lost all but one seat in the region but managed to arrive second in all the remaining 9 seats. The Conservatives and NDP managed to win 6 and 3 seats respectively but the Conservatives failed to arrive second in the 4 seats they lost and the NDP only arrived second in one riding.

Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Conservative 6 0 4 0
New Democratic 3 1 6 0
Liberal 1 9 0 0
Green 0 0 0 10

Results by riding

edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Liberal Conservative NDP Green Other
Ancaster—Dundas—
Flamborough—Westdale
Russ Powers
21,656
34.51%
David Sweet
24,530
39.10%
Gordon Guyatt
13,376
21.32%
David Januczkowski
2,767
4.41%
Ben Cowie (Ind.)
303 0.48%
Russ Powers
Jamilé Ghaddar (M-L)
112 0.18%
Burlington Paddy Torsney
25,431
39.11%
Mike Wallace
28,030
43.11%
David Laird
8,090
12.44%
Rick Goldring
3,471
5.34%
Paddy Torsney
Halton Gary Carr
28,680
41.44%
Garth Turner
30,577
44.18%
Anwar Naqvi
6,114
8.83%
Kyle Grice
3,843
5.55%
Gary Carr
Hamilton Centre Javid Mirza
11,224
23.49%
Eliot Lewis Hill
9,696
20.29%
David Christopherson
24,503
51.29%
John Livingstone
2,022
4.23%
Tony Des Lauriers (CAP)
332
0.69%
David Christopherson
Hamilton East—Stoney Creek Tony Valeri
18,880
35.16%
Frank Rukavina
13,581
25.29%
Wayne Marston
19,346
36.03%
Jo Pavlov
1,573
2.93%
Bob Mann (Comm.)
316
0.59%
Tony Valeri
Hamilton Mountain Bill Kelly
18,704
31.87%
Don Graves
15,915
27.11%
Chris Charlton
21,970
37.43%
Susan Wadsworth
1,517
2.58%
Stephen Downey (CHP)
458 0.78%
Beth Phinney
Paul Lane (M-L)
132 0.22%
Niagara Falls Gary Burroughs
20,092
34.53%
Rob Nicholson
23,485
40.36%
Wayne Gates
12,209
20.98%
Kay Green
2,402
4.13%
Rob Nicholson
Niagara West—Glanbrook Heather Carter
17,712
30.68%
Dean Allison
27,351
47.38%
Dave Heatley
9,251
16.02%
Tom Ferguson
2,284
3.96%
David W. Bylsma (CHP)
1,132
1.96%
Dean Allison
St. Catharines Walt Lastewka
21,423
37.05%
Richard Dykstra
21,669
37.47%
Jeff Burch
11,848
20.49%
Jim Fannon
2,305
3.99%
Bill Bylsma (CHP)
481 0.83%
Walt Lastewka
Elaine Couto (M-L)
101 0.17%
Welland John Maloney
20,267
35.53%
Mel Grunstein
16,678
29.23%
Jody Di Bartolomeo
17,492
30.66%
Brian Simpson
1,960
3.44%
Irma Ruiter (CHP)
539 0.94%
John Maloney
Ron Walker (M-L)
113 0.20%

Source:

2004

Main article: 2004 Canadian federal election

Party rankings

Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Liberal 7 3 0 0
Conservative 2 4 4 0
New Democratic 1 3 6 0
Green 0 0 0 10

Results by riding

edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Liberal Conservative NDP Green Christian Heritage Other
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale Russ Powers
21,935
39.69%
David Sweet
19,135
34.63%
Gordon Guyatt
11,557
20.91%
David Januczkowski
2,636
4.77%
John Bryden§
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot
Burlington Paddy Torsney
27,423
44.96%
Mike Wallace
23,389
38.35%
David Carter Laird
6,581
10.79%
Angela Reid
3,169
5.20%
John Herman Wubs
429
0.70%
Paddy Torsney
Halton Gary Carr
27,362
48.35%
Dean Martin
21,704
38.35%
Anwar Naqvi
4,642
8.20%
Frank Marchetti
2,889
5.10%
Julian Reed
Hamilton Centre Stan Keyes
14,948
33.70%
Leon Patrick O'Connor
6,714
15.13%
David Christopherson
20,321
45.81%
Anne Marie Pavlov
1,422
3.21%
Stephen Downey
520
1.17%
Michael James Baldasaro (NA)
345 0.78%
Stan Keyes
Hamilton West
Jamilé Ghaddar (M-L)
91 0.21%
Hamilton East—Stoney Creek Tony Valeri
18,417
37.74%
Fred Eisenberger
10,888
22.31%
Tony DePaulo
17,490
35.84%
Richard Safka
1,446
2.96%
Sam Cino (Ind.)
393 0.81%
————
Bob Mann (Comm.)
166 0.34%
Tony Valeri
Stoney Creek
merged district
Sheila Copps§
Hamilton East
Hamilton Mountain Beth Phinney
18,548
34.81%
Tom Jackson
15,590
29.26%
Chris Charlton
17,552
32.94%
Jo Pavlov
1,378
2.59%
Paul Lane (M-L)
214
0.40%
Beth Phinney
Niagara Falls Victor Pietrangelo
18,745
36.48%
Rob Nicholson
19,882
38.70%
Wayne Gates
10,680
20.79%
Ted Mousseau
2,071
4.03%
Gary Pillitteri
Niagara West—Glanbrook Debbie Zimmerman
20,210
39.01%
Dean Allison
20,874
40.29%
Dave Heatley
7,681
14.82%
Tom Ferguson
1,761
3.40%
David Bylsma
1,107
2.14%
Phil Rose (CAP)
179
0.35%
new district
St. Catharines Walt Lastewka
21,277
40.44%
Leo Bonomi
18,261
34.71%
Ted Mouradian
10,135
19.26%
Jim Fannon
1,927
3.66%
Linda Klassen
751
1.43%
Elaine Couto (M-L)
61 0.12%
Walt Lastewka
Jane Elizabeth Paxton (CAP)
204 0.39%
Welland John Maloney
19,642
39.63%
Mel Grunstein
12,997
26.22%
Jody Di Bartolomeo
14,623
29.50%
Ryan McLaughlin
1,454
2.93%
Irma D. Ruiter
735
1.48%
Ron Walker (M-L)
113
0.23%
John Maloney
Erie—Lincoln
merged district
Tony Tirabassi§
Niagara Centre

Maps

  • Conservative Party of Canada Conservative Party of Canada
  • Green Party of Canada Green Party of Canada
  • Liberal Party of Canada Liberal Party of Canada
  • New Democratic Party New Democratic Party

2000

Main article: 2000 Canadian federal election

Party rankings

The Liberals recorded their third consecutive clean sweep of the region. The Canadian Alliance was much more competitive than the Reform Party in 1997, arriving second in all 11 ridings. Both the Progressive Conservatives and the NDP achieved worse results than in 1997.

Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Liberal 11 0 0 0
Alliance 0 11 0 0
Progressive Conservative 0 0 8 3
New Democratic 0 0 3 8
edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Liberal Canadian Alliance NDP PC Other
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot John H. Bryden
19,921
Ray Pennings
15,272
Gordon Guyatt
3,756
Gerry Aggus
9,451
John H. Bryden
Wentworth—Burlington
Burlington Paddy Torsney
22,175
Don Pennell
11,500
Larry Mcmahon
1,722
Stephen Collinson
11,240
771 Paddy Torsney
Erie—Lincoln John Maloney
17,054
Dean Allison
14,992
Jody Di Bartolomeo
2,423
David Hurren
5,174
756 John Maloney
Halton Julian Reed
28,168
Tim Dobson
15,656
Brenda Dolling
2,633
Tom Kilmer
12,114
1,018 Julian Reed
Hamilton East Sheila Copps
16,435
Joshua Conroy
6,039
Jim Stevenson
4,111
Steven Knight
3,321
1,191 Sheila Copps
Hamilton Mountain Beth Phinney
22,536
Mike Scott
9,621
James Stephenson
4,387
John Smith
7,467
259 Beth Phinney
Hamilton West Stan Keyes
21,273
Leon O'Connor
7,295
Catherine Hudson
5,300
Ron Blackie
5,024
1,462 Stan Keyes
Niagara Centre Tony Tirabassi
21,641
Bernie Law
13,313
Mike Grimaldi
7,029
Joe Atkinson
4,893
439 Gilbert Parent
Niagara Falls Gary Pillitteri
17,907
Mel Grunstein
11,999
Ed Booker
2,356
Tony Baldinelli
6,077
656 Gary Pillitteri
St. Catharines Walt Lastewka
20,992
Randy Taylor Dumont
15,871
John Bacher
2,878
Kenneth David Atkinson
6,522
462 Walt Lastewka
Stoney Creek Tony Valeri
24,150
Doug Conley
13,354
Mark Davies
3,083
Grant Howell
6,102
587 Tony Valeri

1997

Main article: 1997 Canadian federal election

Party rankings

Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Liberal 11 0 0 0
Reform 0 5 5 1
Progressive Conservative 0 4 6 1
New Democratic 0 2 0 9
edit
Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
Liberal Reform NDP PC Other
Burlington Paddy Torsney
22,042
Terry Lamping
8,662
Jim Hough
2,561
Mike Kuegle
16,344
352 Paddy Torsney
Erie—Lincoln John Maloney
17,542
Jim Macinnis
12,788
Willem Hanrath
2,509
Gord Clare
6,317
1,796 John Maloney
Erie
Halton Julian Reed
26,017
Richard Malboeuf
12,221
Jay Jackson
2,452
Ralph Scholtens
13,778
600 New district
Hamilton East Sheila Copps
16,991
Kevin Samuel Barber
5,716
Wayne Marston
6,870
Michael Hilson
3,913
848 Sheila Copps
Hamilton Mountain Beth Phinney
21,128
Richard F. Gaasenbeek
8,154
Chris Charlton
7,440
John Smith
8,877
520 Beth Phinney
Hamilton West Stan Keyes
20,951
Ken Griffith
6,285
Andrea Horwath
7,648
John Findlay
6,510
493 Stan Keyes
Niagara Centre Gilbert Parent
24,115
Don Johnstone
12,053
James Wilson
5,510
Joe Atkinson
5,827
1,021 Gilbert Parent
Welland—St. Catharines—Thorold
Niagara Falls Gary Pillitteri
15,868
Mel Grunstein
10,986
John Cowan
4,052
Rob Nicholson
9,935
528 Gary Pillitteri
St. Catharines Walt Lastewka
21,081
Rob Hesp
15,029
Ed Gould
4,657
Gregg Crealock
6,503
1,241 Walt Lastewka
Stoney Creek Tony Valeri
23,750
Clay Downes
10,210
Peter Cassidy
3,392
Angie Tomasic
9,440
733 Tony Valeri
Lincoln
Wentworth—Burlington John H. Bryden
19,584
Allan Lonn
10,267
Jessica Brennan
3,694
Gerry Aggus
13,481
John H. Bryden
Hamilton—Wentworth

Notes and References

Notes

  1. Elected as a Liberal in the previous election, left the Liberal Party in February 2004 and joined the Conservative caucus.

References

  1. "Official Voting Results". elections.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-19.
  2. "Official Voting Results/ Résultats Officiels du Scrutin". www.elections.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-19.
  3. "Official Voting Results / Résultats Officiels du Scrutin". www.elections.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-19.
  4. "Official Voting Results / Résultats Officiels du Scrutin". www.elections.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-19.
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