| Capsicum rhomboideum | |
|---|---|
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| Capsicum rhomboideum at flowering featuring yellow flowers. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Capsicum |
| Species: | C. rhomboideum |
| Binomial name | |
| Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze | |
| Synonyms | |
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Capsicum rhomboideum is a perennial member of the genus Capsicum with 2n=2x=26, and is considered a distant wild relative of the chili pepper. Its fruit do not have any pungency, and are a 0 on the Scoville Heat Unit scale. It gets its name from the rhomboidal to elliptical shape of its leaves. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and Andean region of South America.
Plant description
Capsicum rhomboideum is typically a perennial shrub. It is densely covered in trichomes, making it pubescent. It is best identified by its rhomboidal to elliptically-shaped leaves. The flowers have a five-toothed calyx and yellow bell-shaped corolla. The pollen grains are extremely small, 15 μm. Mature fruit of C. rhomboideum are pea-shaped and sized, bright red to black when fresh, and they darken as they dry. They typically bear 2-6 seed per fruit. The seeds are brown.
Genome
The genome of C. rhomboideum is smaller than that of C. annuum. In the specific differentiation, C. rhomboideum likely underwent genome size reduction. Approximately 5% of the genome is heterochromatic. The typical Capsicum has 2n=24, and since 2n=26 in C. rhomboideum , causing it to be reclassified from Capsicum ciliatum in 2001.
References
- "Fatalii's Empire - C. Rhomboideum".
- Jarret, Robert L. (August 22, 2008). "DNA Barcoding in a Crop Genebank: The Capsicum annuum Species Complex". The Open Biology Journal. 1 (1): 35–42. doi:10.2174/1874196700801010035.
- Russo, V. M. (2012-01-01). Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI. ISBN 9781845937843.
- ^ Barboza, Gloria E. (2011-02-11). "Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)". PhytoKeys (2): 23–38. doi:10.3897/PhytoKeys.2.730. ISSN 1314-2011. PMC 3174431. PMID 22171173.
- ^ Scaldaferro, Marisel A.; da Cruz, M. Victoria Romero; Cecchini, Nicolás M.; Moscone, Eduardo A. (2015-11-18). "FISH and AgNor mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated species of Capsicum (Solananceae)". Genome. 59 (2): 95–113. doi:10.1139/gen-2015-0099. hdl:11336/113316. ISSN 0831-2796. PMID 26853884.
- ^ Moscone, Eduardo (2007). Spooner (ed.). "The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a Cytogenetic Perspective". Acta Hort (745): 137–170. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
- Barboza, Gloria E.; Bianchetti, Luciano De Bem (2005). "Three New Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a Key to the Wild Species from Brazil". Systematic Botany. 30 (4): 863–871. doi:10.1600/036364405775097905. hdl:11336/38870. S2CID 85972658.
- Bo, María Laura; García, Carolina Carrizo (2015-01-02). "Pollen phenotyping and performance in rocoto chili (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz et Pav., Solanaceae)". Grana. 54 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1080/00173134.2014.985606. hdl:11336/12419. ISSN 0017-3134. S2CID 85079130.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Capsicum rhomboideum | |
| Witheringia rhomboidea | |