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Carbon dichalcogenide

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Carbon dichalcogenides are chemical compounds of carbon and chalcogen elements. They have the general chemical formula CZ2, where Z = O, S, Se, Te.

This includes:

Stability

Double bonds between carbon and chalcogen elements, C=Z, become weaker the heavier the chalcogen, Z. This trend means carbon dichalcogenide monomers are less stable and more susceptible to polymerisation as Z changes from O to Te. For example, CO2 is stable, CS2 polymerises under extreme conditions, CSe2 tends to polymerise, CSeTe is unstable and CTe2 does not exist. This trend is an example of the double bond rule.

Bonding

In carbon dichalcogenides, C=O bond lengths are around 1.16 Å, C=S around 1.56 Å, C=Se around 1.70 Å and C=Te around 1.90 Å.

Carbon–chalcogen double bond lengths in carbon dichalcogenides, Z=C=Z′
Species Formula Z Z′ Bond Bond in molecule Bond length / Å Method of determination Reference
Carbon dioxide CO2 O O C=O O=C=O 1.163 infrared spectroscopy
Carbonyl sulfide OCS O S C=O S=C=O 1.158 microwave spectroscopy
Carbonyl selenide OCSe O Se C=O Se=C=O 1.159 microwave spectroscopy
Carbonyl sulfide OCS O S C=S O=C=S 1.560 microwave spectroscopy
Carbon disulfide CS2 S S C=S S=C=S 1.553 infrared spectroscopy
Thiocarbonyl selenide SCSe S Se C=S Se=C=S 1.553 microwave spectroscopy
Thiocarbonyl telluride SCTe S Te C=S Te=C=S 1.557 microwave spectroscopy
Carbonyl selenide OCSe O Se C=Se O=C=Se 1.709 microwave spectroscopy
Thiocarbonyl selenide SCSe S Se C=Se S=C=Se 1.693 microwave spectroscopy
Carbon diselenide CSe2 Se Se C=Se Se=C=Se 1.689 neutron diffraction
Thiocarbonyl telluride SCTe S Te C=Te S=C=Te 1.904 microwave spectroscopy

References

  1. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 306, 314–319, 754–755. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 409–412, 423–425. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
  3. ^ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 926. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
  4. Plyler, Earle K.; Blaine, Lamdin R.; Tidwell, Eugene D. (1955). "Infrared absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide in the region from 4 to 6 microns". Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 55 (4): 183–192. doi:10.6028/jres.055.019.
  5. ^ William M. Haynes, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 9–33. ISBN 978-1439880500.
  6. ^ Hardy, W. A.; Silvey, G. (1954). "Microwave Spectrum of TeCS and Masses of the Stable Tellurium Isotopes". Phys. Rev. 95 (2): 385–. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.385.
  7. Powell, B. M.; Torrie, B. H. (1983). "Structure of solid carbon diselenide (CSe2) at 17.5, 50 and 200K". Acta Crystallogr. C. 39 (8): 3070–3072. doi:10.1107/S0108270183007015.
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