Carbon dichalcogenides are chemical compounds of carbon and chalcogen elements. They have the general chemical formula CZ2, where Z = O, S, Se, Te.
This includes:
- Carbon dioxide, CO2
- Carbon disulfide, CS2
- Carbon diselenide, CSe2
- Carbonyl sulfide, OCS
- Carbonyl selenide, OCSe
- Thiocarbonyl selenide, SCSe
- Thiocarbonyl telluride, SCTe
Stability
Double bonds between carbon and chalcogen elements, C=Z, become weaker the heavier the chalcogen, Z. This trend means carbon dichalcogenide monomers are less stable and more susceptible to polymerisation as Z changes from O to Te. For example, CO2 is stable, CS2 polymerises under extreme conditions, CSe2 tends to polymerise, CSeTe is unstable and CTe2 does not exist. This trend is an example of the double bond rule.
Bonding
In carbon dichalcogenides, C=O bond lengths are around 1.16 Å, C=S around 1.56 Å, C=Se around 1.70 Å and C=Te around 1.90 Å.
Species | Formula | Z | Z′ | Bond | Bond in molecule | Bond length / Å | Method of determination | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide | CO2 | O | O | C=O | O=C=O | 1.163 | infrared spectroscopy | |
Carbonyl sulfide | OCS | O | S | C=O | S=C=O | 1.158 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Carbonyl selenide | OCSe | O | Se | C=O | Se=C=O | 1.159 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Carbonyl sulfide | OCS | O | S | C=S | O=C=S | 1.560 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Carbon disulfide | CS2 | S | S | C=S | S=C=S | 1.553 | infrared spectroscopy | |
Thiocarbonyl selenide | SCSe | S | Se | C=S | Se=C=S | 1.553 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Thiocarbonyl telluride | SCTe | S | Te | C=S | Te=C=S | 1.557 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Carbonyl selenide | OCSe | O | Se | C=Se | O=C=Se | 1.709 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Thiocarbonyl selenide | SCSe | S | Se | C=Se | S=C=Se | 1.693 | microwave spectroscopy | |
Carbon diselenide | CSe2 | Se | Se | C=Se | Se=C=Se | 1.689 | neutron diffraction | |
Thiocarbonyl telluride | SCTe | S | Te | C=Te | S=C=Te | 1.904 | microwave spectroscopy |
References
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 306, 314–319, 754–755. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 409–412, 423–425. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
- ^ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 926. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
- Plyler, Earle K.; Blaine, Lamdin R.; Tidwell, Eugene D. (1955). "Infrared absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide in the region from 4 to 6 microns". Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 55 (4): 183–192. doi:10.6028/jres.055.019.
- ^ William M. Haynes, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 9–33. ISBN 978-1439880500.
- ^ Hardy, W. A.; Silvey, G. (1954). "Microwave Spectrum of TeCS and Masses of the Stable Tellurium Isotopes". Phys. Rev. 95 (2): 385–. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.385.
- Powell, B. M.; Torrie, B. H. (1983). "Structure of solid carbon diselenide (CSe2) at 17.5, 50 and 200K". Acta Crystallogr. C. 39 (8): 3070–3072. doi:10.1107/S0108270183007015.
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