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Castolon Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Army Officers' Quarters, Castolon
Castolon Historic DistrictShow map of TexasCastolon Historic DistrictShow map of the United States
Location	Along Rio Grande at jct. of Park Rtes. 5, 9, and 35, Big Bend National Park, Texas
Coordinates	29°7′48″N 103°30′47″W / 29.13000°N 103.51306°W / 29.13000; -103.51306
Area	800 acres (320 ha)
NRHP reference No.	74000276
Added to NRHP	September 6, 1974

Castolon, also known as La Harmonia Ranch and Campo Santa Helena, was a small community in southwestern Texas, United States, located in what is now Big Bend National Park along the Rio Grande. The location was first settled in 1901 by Cipriano Hernandez, who farmed the area and built the original Castolon Store, now known as the Alvino House.

History

The area began to attract refugees from nearby Mexico who were fleeing the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The Castolon area was the site on a U.S. Army encampment, called Campo Santa Helena, to house units patrolling the Mexican–American border. However, by the time the camp was complete in 1920 the border was quiet and the camp buildings were never used by the Army. In 1921 the La Harmonia Company was established in the barracks, operating a trading post and farming cotton. The La Harmonia Company was established in 1918 by Howard Perry, who owned the Chisos Mining Company in Terlingua, in partnership with Wayne Cartledge. Cartledge and his son Eugene chose the name and managed the company. The La Harmonia Company lasted until 1961, when it was sold to the National Park Service. The store was heavily damaged in a fire in May 2019.

2019 Fire

On May 22, 2019, a fire started a day earlier in Mexico jumped the Rio Grande. Due to strong winds, temperatures around 110 °F, and low humidity, the fire spread rapidly.

A sudden wind direction change with strong gusts "showered embers across the Castolon Historic District, igniting the latrine building and barracks (which housed the La Harmonia Store and Visitor Center)". This resulted in widespread damage to both buildings.

Description

Castolon is divided into two areas. "Old Castolon" comprises the Old Castolon Store, a cafe-residence and a shed. The Army Compound includes a barracks, now the Castolon Store, a recreation hall, latrine, two officers' residences, a granary and tack room, and the Magdalena, Garlick and Alvino residences. The Magdalena and Garlick houses post-date the Army construction and are associated with La Harmonia Ranch, while the Alvino house pre-dates the Army. All of the buildings are built with adobe walls, and most are roofed with corrugated metal roofing. A few use traditional vigas, latillas and a soil roof covering.

Castolon was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1974.

Climate

• Coordinates: 29°08′04″N 103°30′54″W / 29.13444°N 103.515°W / 29.13444; -103.515
• Elevation: 2,169 feet (661 m)

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Big Bend National Park
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Brewster County, Texas

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. ^ "History of the Castolon Area". Big Bend National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
3. "La Harmonia Store". Big Bend National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
4. "Big Bend National Park" (PDF). The Paisano. National Park Service. 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
5. Battle, David G. (February 1974). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Castolon". National Park Service. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
6. "US COOP Station Map". Western Regional Climate Center, Desert Research Institute. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
7. "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Castolon, TX". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
8. "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Midland/Odessa". National Weather Service. Retrieved January 22, 2023.

External links

• Castolon at Big Bend National Park (and subpages)
• Kohout, Martin Donell. "Castolon, TX". TSHA Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
• Several buildings of Castolon have been documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Brewster County, Texas
Districts	Burro Mesa Archeological District Castolon Historic District Mariscal Mine Panther Junction Mission 66 Historic District Rancho Estelle Terlingua Historic District Homer Wilson Ranch
Other properties	Brewster County Courthouse and Jail Daniels Farm House Gage Hotel Hot Springs Luna Jacal Nolte-Rooney House
Other lists	NRHP listings in Big Bend National Park Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Brewster County
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Brewster County, Texas and List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas

v t e Municipalities and communities of Brewster County, Texas, United States
County seat: Alpine
City	Alpine
CDPs	Marathon Study Butte Terlingua
Other communities	Altuda Boquillas Lajitas Panther Junction Rosenfeld Tesnus
Ghost towns	Castolon Glenn Springs Haymond Hovey McKinney Springs San Vicente Toronto
Annexed former counties	Buchel Foley
Texas portal United States portal

• National Register of Historic Places in Big Bend National Park
• Tourist attractions in Brewster County, Texas
• Populated places established in 1901
• 1901 establishments in Texas
• Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas