Cawthra is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- John Cawthra (1789–1851), merchant, distiller and political figure in Upper Canada
- Joseph Cawthra (1759–1842), Canadian merchant and politician
- Joseph Hermon Cawthra (1886–1957), British sculptor
- John Philip Cawthra, birth name of Gypie Mayo (1951–2013), British musician
- Mark Cawthra (born 1961), British musician
- William Cawthra (1801–1880), the eldest son of Joseph Cawthra, patriarch of the Cawthra family in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
See also
- Cawthra family of Toronto, famous for its business, social and cultural contributions to the city
- Cawthra Park Secondary School, a public high school in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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