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Centaurus A/M83 Group

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(Redirected from Centaurus A Group) Not to be confused with Centaurus Cluster or Centaurus Supercluster. Group of galaxies in the constellations Centaurus, Hydra and Virgo
Centaurus A/M83 group
The Centaurus A galaxy is the largest and most massive galaxy in the group
Observation data (Epoch )
Constellation(s)Hydra, Centaurus, and Virgo
Right ascension13 20
Declination−44° 58′
Brightest memberCentaurus A
Number of galaxies44
Other designations
NGC 5128 Group, Centaurus A Group, LGG 344

The Centaurus A/M83 Group is a complex group of galaxies in the constellations Hydra, Centaurus, and Virgo. The group may be roughly divided into two subgroups. The Cen A Subgroup, at a distance of 11.9 Mly (3.66 Mpc), is centered on Centaurus A, a nearby radio galaxy. The M83 Subgroup, at a distance of 14.9 Mly (4.56 Mpc), is centered on the Messier 83 (M83), a face-on spiral galaxy.

This group is sometimes identified as one group and sometimes identified as two groups. Hence, some references will refer to two objects named the Centaurus A Group and the M83 Group. However, the galaxies around Centaurus A and the galaxies around M83 are physically close to each other, and both subgroups appear not to be moving relative to each other.

The Centaurus A/M83 Group is part of the Virgo Supercluster, the local supercluster of which the Local Group is an outlying member.

Members

Member identification

The galaxies NGC 5011B and NGC 5011C are imaged against a starry foreground.

The brightest group members were frequently identified in early galaxy group identification surveys. However, many of the dwarf galaxies in the group were only identified in more intensive studies. One of the first of these identified 145 faint objects on optical images from the UK Schmidt Telescope and followed these up in hydrogen line emission with the Parkes Radio Telescope and in the hydrogen-alpha spectral line with the Siding Spring 2.3 m Telescope. This identified 20 dwarf galaxies as members of the group. The HIPASS survey, which was a blind radio survey for hydrogen spectral line emission, found five uncatalogued galaxies in the group and also identified five previously-catalogued galaxies as members. An additional dwarf galaxy was identified as a group member in the HIDEEP survey, which was a more intensive radio survey for hydrogen emission within a smaller region of the sky. Several optical surveys later identified 20 more candidate objects to the group. In 2007, the Cen A group membership of NGC 5011C was established. While this galaxy is a well-known stellar system listed with a NGC number, its true identity remained hidden because of coordinate confusion and wrong redshifts in the literature. From 2015 to 2017 a full optical survey was conducted using the Dark Energy Camera, covering 550 square degrees in the sky and doubling the number of known dwarf galaxies in this group. Another deep but spatially limited survey around Centaurus A revealed numerous new dwarfs.

The dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Centaurus A group have been studied and have been found to have old, metal-poor stellar populations similar to those in the Local Group, and follow a similar metallicity–luminosity relation. One dwarf galaxy, KK98 203 (LEDA 166167), has an extended ring of Hα emission.

Member list

The table below lists galaxies that have been identified as associated with the Centaurus A/M83 Group by I. D. Karachentsev and collaborators. Note that Karachentsev divides this group into two subgroups centered on Centaurus A and Messier 83.

Members of the Centaurus A Subgroup
Name Type R.A. (J2000) Dec. (J2000) Redshift (km/s) Apparent Magnitude
Cen 7 Sph 13 11 13.8 −38° 53′ 56″ 17.3
Cen N 13 48 09.1 −47° 33′ 54″ 17.5
Centaurus A (NGC 5128) S0 pec 13 25 27.6 −43° 01′ 09″ 547 ± 5 7.8
Centaurus A-dE1 dSph 13 12 45.2 −41° 49′ 57″ 19.3
Centaurus A-dE3 dE 13 46 00.8 −36° 19′ 44″ 17.1
HIPASS J1337-39 Im 13 37 25.3 −39° 53′ 48″ 492 ± 4 16.5
HIPASS J1348-37 13 48 47.0 −37° 58′ 29″ 581 ± 8 16.9
HIPASS J1351-47 13 51 12.0 −46° 58′ 12.9″ 529 ± 6
KKs 51 E/Sph 12 44 21.5 −42° 56′ 23″ 16.7
KKs 55 Sph 13 22 12.8 −42° 43′ 41″ 18.5
KKs 57 Sph 13 41 38.1 −42° 34′ 55″ 18.1
LEDA 166152 dI 13 05 02.1 −40° 04′ 58″ 617 ± 4 16.3
LEDA 166167 dI/dSph 13 27 27.8 −45° 21′ 10″ 18
LEDA 166172 dSph 13 43 36.0 −43° 46′ 11″ 18.5
LEDA 166175 dSph 13 46 16.8 −45° 41′ 05″ 19.2
LEDA 166179 dSph 13 48 46.4 −46° 59′ 46″ 18
NGC 4945 SB(s)cd 13 05 27.5 −49° 28′ 06″ 563 ± 3 9.3
NGC 5102 SA0 13 21 57.6 −36° 37′ 49″ 468 ± 2 10.4
NGC 5206 SB(r)0 13 33 44.0 −48° 09′ 04″ 571 ± 10 11.6
NGC 5237 I0 13 37 39.0 −42° 50′ 49″ 361 ± 4 13.2
PGC 45104 IABm 13 03 33.6 −46° 35′ 06″
PGC 45717 I0 pec 13 10 32.9 −46° 59′ 27.3″ 1853 ± 32 13.3
PGC 45916 dE 13 13 09.1 −44° 53′ 24″ 784 ± 31 14.1
PGC 46663 IBm 13 21 47.4 −45° 03′ 42″ 741 16.1
PGC 46680 Im 13 22 02.0 −42° 32′ 07″ 16.6
PGC 47171 IABm 13 27 37.4 −41° 28′ 50″ 516 ± 3 12.9
PGC 48515 dE 13 42 05.6 −45° 12′ 18″ 17.6
PGC 48738 IB(s)m 13 45 00.5 −41° 51′ 40″ 545 ± 2 14.0
PGC 49615 dS0/Im 13 57 01.4 −35° 19′ 59″ 561 ± 32 14.8
Members of the M83 Subgroup
Name Type R.A. (J2000) Dec. (J2000) Redshift (km/s) Apparent Magnitude
AM 1321-304 dIm 13 24 36.2 −30° 58′ 19″ 487 ± 1 16.7
Centaurus A-dE2 dE/Im 13 21 32.4 −31° 53′ 11″ 17.6
Centaurus A-dE4 dSph 13 46 40.4 −29° 58′ 41″ 19.
HIDEEP J1336-3321 13 36 56.1 −33° 21′ 23″ 591 17.3
IC 4247 S 13 26 44.4 −30° 21′ 45″ 274 ± 65 14.4
IC 4316 IBm pec 13 40 18.4 −28° 53′ 32″ 674 ± 53 15.0
KK 208 dI 13 36 35.5 −29° 34′ 17″ 381 14.3
LEDA 166163 dI 13 21 08.2 −31° 31′ 45″ 571 ± 3 17.1
LEDA 166164 dSph 13 22 56.2 −33° 34′ 22″ 17.6
M83 SAB(s)c 13 37 00.9 −29° 51′ 57″ 513 ± 2 8.2
NGC 5253 Im pec 13 39 55.9 −31° 38′ 24″ 407 ± 3 10.9
NGC 5264 IB(s)m 13 41 36.7 −29° 54′ 47″ 478 ± 3 12.6
PGC 47885 13 35 08.1 −30° 07′ 03″ 13848 15.8
PGC 48111 Im 13 37 20.0 −28° 02′ 42″ 587 ± 3 15.0
UGCA 365 Im 13 36 31.1 −29° 14′ 06″ 573 ± 1 15.4

Additionally, ESO 219-010, PGC 39032, and PGC 51659 are listed as possibly being members of the Centaurus A Subgroup, and ESO 381-018, NGC 5408, and PGC 43048 are listed as possibly being members of the M83 Subgroup. Although HIPASS J1337-39 is only listed as a possible member of the M83 Subgroup in the later list published by Karachentsev, later analyses indicate that this galaxy is within the subgroup. Saviane and Jerjen found that NGC 5011C has an optical redshift of 647 km/s and thus is a member of the Cen A group rather than of the distant Centaurus galaxy cluster as believed since 1983.

References

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