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Chapada flycatcher
In Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Tyrannidae
Genus:	Guyramemua Lopes, Chaves, Mendes de Aquino, Silveira & Santos, FR, 2017
Species:	G. affine
Binomial name
Guyramemua affine (Burmeister, 1856)
Synonyms
Suiriri islerorum Suiriri affinis

The chapada flycatcher (Guyramemua affine) is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Fluvicolinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

Taxonomy and systematics

The chapada flycatcher has a complicated taxonomic history. It was originally described as Suiriri islerorum in 2001, having been previously thought to be a variant of subspecies S. suiriri affinis of the suiriri flycatcher. Based on a study published in 2014 its binomial was changed to S. affinis. (That change necessitated renaming S. s. affinis to S. s. burmeisteri.) A study published in 2017 found that the chapada flycatcher was not related to the suiriri flycatcher but rather to the members of genus Sublegatus. That relationship was not extremely close so the authors proposed a new genus Guyramemua, and because Guyramemua is neuter the specific epithet had to be changed to affine. Taxonomic systems soon adopted the new binomial.

Description

The chapada flycatcher is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and weighs 21 to 23 g (0.74 to 0.81 oz). It is a medium-sized flycatcher. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a gray crown and nape with a light olive wash. They have a white spot behind the lores and a short white supercilium on an otherwise whitish face. Their upperparts are gray with a light olive wash. Their wings are darker with grayish white tips on the coverts that show as two bars on the closed wing. Their tail is a darker gray than the back with pale outer webs and wide whitish tips on the feathers. Their throat and underparts are whitish and their belly and undertail coverts pure yellow. Both sexes have a brown iris, a black bill, and medium gray legs and feet.

Distribution and habitat

The chapada flycatcher is found in central and southwestern Brazil from Maranhão south and west through Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Mato Grosso do Sul into extreme eastern Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia. It primarily inhabits typical cerrado and also the more specialized campo cerrado and campo sujo within it. All are characterized by shrubby areas with scattered trees within grasslands; the trees are typically 2 to 5 m (7 to 16 ft) tall. In elevation it mostly occurs between 250 and 750 m (800 and 2,500 ft) but possibly is found as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft).

Behavior

Movement

The chapada flycatcher is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding

The chapada flycatcher feeds on arthropods and small fruits. It usually forages from the middle of trees to their crowns and only rarely in shrubs or on the ground. It takes food mostly by gleaning from leaves and branches while perched or briefly hovering, and less often makes sallies to take insects in flight.

Breeding

The chapada flycatcher's breeding season has not been defined but appears to end in October. Males make a display during which they flick their wings and fan their tail. This display was part of the evidence for its recognition as a species, because the suiriri flycatcher does not display. Nothing else is known about the species's breeding biology.

Vocalization

The chapada flycatcher's vocalizations are a significant reason for its recognition as a species. They are differert from those of the suiriri flycatcher, and both species ignore the vocalizations of the other. Pairs give different songs during duets. Males make "a loud series of paired couplets, a repeated twangy 'where where, whooz it' " and females "a loud bubbly rattle of variable length and typically preceded by one or two 'whur' notes". Females also make "zhuwheep" or "zhuwheep-oo" contact calls.

Status

The IUCN originally in 2004 assessed the chapada flycatcher as being of Least Concern and from 2009 as Near Threatened. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. Its population declined 13% for unknown reasons between 2003 and 2007 in a protected area, so "on the basis of apparent rarity in other large protected areas of cerrado, it is precautionarily suspected that these declines are representative for the entire range and that they are continuing at this rate to the present day." As of 2022 "the total population is suspected to have declined by 24% over the past ten years". "The primary threat to cerrado habitat is habitat conversion for Eucalyptus and pine plantations, livestock farming and large-scale cultivation of soybeans, rice and other crops. Repeated annual burning during the dry season may be an additional threat and some areas may be threatened by urbanisation." It is considered rare ot locally fairly common and occurs in several protected areas in Brazil.

References

1. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Chapada Flycatcher Guyramemua affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22729445A217672111. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22729445A217672111.en. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
2. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
3. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 28 September 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved September 29, 2024
4. ^ Robbins, M. B. (2021). Chapada Flycatcher (Guyramemua affine), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.chafly3.01.1 retrieved October 5, 2024
5. ^ Zimmer, K.J.; Whittaker, A.; Oren, D.C. (2001). "A cryptic new species of flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Suiriri) from the Cerrado Region of Central South America" (PDF). The Auk. 118 (1): 56–78. doi:10.1093/auk/118.1.56. JSTOR 4089758.
6. Kirwan, G.M.; Steinheimer, F.D.; Raposo, M.A.; Zimmer, K.J. (2014). "Nomenclatural corrections, neotype designation and new subspecies description in the genus Suiriri (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyrannidae)". Zootaxa. 3784 (3): 224–240. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3784.3.2. PMID 24872051.
7. Lopes, L.E.; Chaves, A.V.; Mendes de Aquino, M.; Silveira, L.F.; dos Santos, F.R. (2017). "The striking polyphyly of Suiriri: convergent evolution and social mimicry in two cryptic Neotropical birds". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 56 (2): 270–279. doi:10.1111/jzs.12200.
8. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021
9. Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v 11.1). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ retrieved July 13, 2021
10. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved August 31, 2021
11. HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip
12. ^ van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 294–295. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.

v t e Genera of passerines and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Psittacopasseres Order: Passeriformes
Passeriformes incertae sedis †Corvitalusoides †Jamna †Winnicavis †Yunnanus Acanthisitti Acanthisittidae Acanthisitta †Dendroscansor †Kuiornis †Pachyplichas †Traversia Xenicus Eupasseres Tyranni †Crosnoornis †Wieslochia Eurylaimides Calyptomenidae Calyptomena Smithornis Eurylaimidae Corydon Cymbirhynchus Eurylaimus Psarisomus Pseudocalyptomena Sarcophanops Serilophus Philepittidae Neodrepanis Philepitta Pittidae Erythropitta Hydrornis Pitta Sapayoidae Sapayoa Tyrannides See below ↓ Passeri See below ↓
Tyrannides Conopophagidae Cephalopterus Conopophaga Pittasoma Cotingidae Ampelioides Ampelion Carpodectes Carpornis Conioptilon Cotinga Doliornis Gymnoderus Haematoderus Lipaugus Querula Perissocephalus Phibalura Phoenicircus Phytotoma Pipreola Porphyrolaema Procnias Pyroderus Rupicola Snowornis Xipholena Zaratornis Formicariidae Chamaeza Formicarius Furnariidae Berlepschia †Pseudoseisuropsis Sclerurinae Geositta Sclerurus Dendrocolaptinae Dendrocolaptini Campylorhamphus Dendrexetastes Dendrocolaptes Dendroplex Drymornis Drymotoxeres Glyphorynchus Hylexetastes Lepidocolaptes Nasica Xiphocolaptes Xiphorhynchus Sittasomini Certhiasomus Dendrocincla Deconychura Sittasomus Furnariinae Xenops Pygarrhichini Microxenops Ochetorhynchus Pygarrhichas Furnariini Cinclodes Furnarius Geocerthia Limnornis Lochmias Phleocryptes Premnornis Pseudocolaptes Tarphonomus Upucerthia Philydorini Anabacerthia Anabazenops Ancistrops Automolus Cichlocolaptes Clibanornis Dendroma Heliobletus Megaxenops Philydor Syndactyla Thripadectes Synallaxini Acrobatornis Anumbius Aphrastura Asthenes Certhiaxis Coryphistera Cranioleuca Hellmayrea Leptasthenura Limnoctites Margarornis Mazaria Metopothrix Phacellodomus Premnoplex Pseudasthenes Pseudoseisura Roraimia Schoeniophylax Siptornis Spartonoica Sylviorthorhynchus Synallaxis Thripophaga Xenerpestes Grallariidae Cryptopezus Grallaria Grallaricula Hylopezus Myrmothera Melanopareiidae Melanopareia Pipridae Ceratopipra Chiroxiphia Chloropipo Corapipo Cryptopipo Heterocercus Ilicura Lepidothrix Machaeropterus Manacus Masius Neopelma Pipra Pseudopipra Tyranneutes Xenopipo Rhinocryptidae Acropternis Eleoscytalopus Eugralla Liosceles Merulaxis Myornis Psilorhamphus Pteroptochos Rhinocrypta Scelorchilus Scytalopus Teledromas Thamnophilidae Euchrepomidinae Euchrepomis Myrmornithinae Myrmornis Pygiptila Thamnistes Thamnophilinae Formicivorini Formicivora Myrmochanes Myrmotherula Terenura Microrhopiini Ammonastes Aprositornis Clytoctantes Epinecrophylla Microrhopias Myrmophylax Myrmorchilus Neoctantes Pithyini Cercomacra Cercomacroides Drymophila Gymnopithys Hypocnemis Oneillornis Phaenostictus Phlegopsis Pithys Rhegmatorhina Sciaphylax Willisornis Pyriglenini Akletos Ampelornis Gymnocichla Hafferia Hylophylax Hypocnemoides Myrmeciza Myrmelastes Myrmoborus Myrmoderus Percnostola Poliocrania Pyriglena Rhopornis Sclateria Sipia Thamnophilini Batara Biatas Cymbilaimus Dichrozona Dysithamnus Frederickena Herpsilochmus Hypoedaleus Isleria Mackenziaena Megastictus Radinopsyche Rhopias Sakesphoroides Sakesphorus Taraba Thamnomanes Thamnophilus Xenornis Tityridae Iodopleura Laniisoma Laniocera Myiobius Onychorhynchus Oxyruncus Pachyramphus Schiffornis Terenotriccus Tityra Xenopsaris Tyrannidae Agriornis Alectrurus Anairetes Aphanotriccus Arundinicola Atalotriccus Attila Calyptura Camptostoma Capsiempis Casiornis Cnemarchus Cnemotriccus Cnipodectes Colonia Colorhamphus Conopias Contopus Corythopis Culicivora Elaenia Empidonax Empidonomus Euscarthmus Fluvicola Griseotyrannus Gubernetes Guyramemua Hemitriccus Heteroxolmis Hirundinea Hymenops Inezia Knipolegus Lathrotriccus Legatus Lessonia Leptopogon Lophotriccus Machetornis Mecocerculus Megarynchus Mionectes Mitrephanes Muscigralla Muscipipra Muscisaxicola Myiarchus Myiodynastes Myiopagis Myiophobus Myiornis Myiotheretes Myiotriccus Myiozetetes Nengetus Neopipo Neoxolmis Nephelomyias Nesotriccus Ochthoeca Ochthornis Oncostoma Ornithion Phelpsia Philohydor Phyllomyias Phylloscartes Piprites Pitangus Platyrinchus Poecilotriccus Pogonotriccus Polystictus Pseudelaenia Pseudocolopteryx Pseudotriccus Pyrocephalus Pyrope Pyrrhomyias Ramphotrigon Rhynchocyclus Rhytipterna Satrapa Sayornis Serpophaga Silvicultrix Sirystes Stigmatura Sublegatus Suiriri Syrtidicola Tachuris Taeniotriccus Todirostrum Tolmomyias Tumbezia Tyrannopsis Tyrannulus Tyrannus Uromyias Xenotriccus Xolmis Zimmerius
Passeri †Resoviaornis Acanthizidae Acanthiza Acanthornis Aethomyias Aphelocephala Calamanthus Gerygone Hylacola Neosericornis Oreoscopus Origma Pachycare Pycnoptilus Pyrrholaemus Sericornis Smicrornis Atrichornithidae Atrichornis Callaeidae Callaeas †Heteralocha Philesturnus Climacteridae Climacteris Cormobates Cnemophilidae Cnemophilus Loboparadisea Dasyornithidae Dasyornis Maluridae Amytornithinae Amytornis Malurinae Malurini Chenorhamphus Clytomyias Malurus Sipodotus Stipiturini Stipiturus Melanocharitidae Melanocharis Oedistoma Rhamphocharis Toxorhamphus Meliphagidae Acanthagenys Acanthorhynchus Anthochaera Anthornis Ashbyia Bolemoreus Caligavis Certhionyx Cissomela Conopophila Entomyzon Epthianura Foulehaio Gavicalis Gliciphila Glycichaera Glycifohia Grantiella Guadalcanaria Gymnomyza Lichenostomus Lichmera Macgregoria Manorina Meliarchus Melidectes Melilestes Melionyx Meliphacator Meliphaga Melipotes Melithreptus Melitograis Microptilotis Myza Myzomela Nesoptilotis Oreornis Plectorhyncha Philemon Phylidonyris Ptiloprora Ptilotula Prosthemadera Purnella Pycnopygius Ramsayornis Stomiopera Stresemannia Sugomel Territornis Timeliopsis Trichodere Vosea Xanthotis Menuridae Menura Notiomystidae Notiomystis Orthonychidae Orthonyx †Palaeoscinidae Palaeoscinis Pardalotidae Pardalotus Pomatostomidae Garritornis Pomatostomus Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus Amblyornis Archboldia Chlamydera Prionodura Ptilonorhynchus Scenopoeetes †Sericuloides Sericulus Corvides See Corvides Passerida See Passerida

• IUCN Red List near threatened species
• Birds of the Cerrado
• Birds of the Pantanal
• Birds of Brazil
• Birds of Bolivia
• Birds described in 1856
• Near threatened biota of South America
• Taxa named by Hermann Burmeister