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Charles August
Crown Prince of Sweden
1809 portrait by Per Krafft (the Older)
Governor-general of Norway
Tenure	25 July 1809 – 11 January 1810
Predecessor	Jacob Benzon (vacant since 1771)
Successor	Prince Frederik of Hesse
Born	(1768-07-09)9 July 1768 Augustenborg Palace, Augustenborg, Denmark
Died	28 May 1810(1810-05-28) (aged 41) Kvidinge, Sweden
Burial	Riddarholm Church
Names Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenborg
House	Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Father	Friedrich Christian I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg Charles XIII (adoptive)
Mother	Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön
Religion	Church of Denmark

Charles August or Carl August (9 July 1768 – 28 May 1810) was a Danish prince. He is best known for serving as Crown Prince of Sweden briefly in 1810, adopted by Charles XIII, before his sudden death from a stroke. Earlier, he had been a general in the Royal Danish Army as well as the Governor-general of Norway. His name before assuming the Swedish title in 1810 was Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, or Christian August of Augustenburg for short.

Family

He was born at Augustenborg Palace in July 1768 as the son of Friedrich Christian I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1721–1794) and Princess Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1744–1770). He was a younger brother of Frederik Christian II, Duke of Augustenborg, brother-in-law of Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark and an uncle of Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg, Queen consort of Denmark and Christian August, Duke of Augustenborg. He did not marry.

Career in Denmark and Norway

Christian August studied in Leipzig, and returned from there to Denmark-Norway in 1785. He was appointed lieutenant colonel, and was promoted to colonel in 1787 and major general in 1790. From 1797 he was stationed in Austria, joining the fight against Napoleon. He left Austria when the Treaty of Lunéville ended the War of the Second Coalition in 1801. In 1803 Christian August was named commander of Fredriksten Fortress in Norway, assuming the position in 1804.

In 1807 he once again became involved in the Napoleonic Wars, this time on the side of Napoleon as Napoleon's enemy Great Britain assaulted Denmark. The Danish-Norwegian part of the Napoleonic Wars is called the Gunboat War. Sweden joined forces against Denmark-Norway in 1808. Christian August was a central figure in the war, and led forces to victories in the Battle of Prestebakke and the Battle of Toverud, ousting Swedish forces from Norway. In 1808 Christian August was promoted to Field Marshal, and in 1809 he became Governor-general of Norway.

Sweden

On 6 June 1809 the Duke-regent of Sweden was proclaimed King, after Gustav IV Adolf was deposed. The new king Charles XIII accepted the new, liberal Constitution, which was ratified by the Riksdag of the Estates the same day. The new king was in no way likely to interfere with the liberal revolution which had placed him on the throne. Peace was what the exhausted nation now required.

Charles XIII was childless, so in order to secure the succession to the throne, someone had to be adopted as his heir. Georg Adlersparre, the main orchestrator of the 1809 coup, preferred King Frederick VI of Denmark as the new Swedish monarch, but when Frederick refused, Adlersparre looked to Norway. He tried to persuade Christian August, first through the Swedish Baron C. H. Anckarsvärd, and although Christian August did not show up to meet Anckarsvärd personally, he gradually accepted the offer of adoption. His loyalty to his ruler Frederick VI ultimately became a lesser obstacle. The choice of Christian August was supported by Charles XIII as well as three of the estates of the realm; the Clergy, Burghers and Peasants. However, the Nobility was more reluctant due to the influence of so-called Gustavians (Gustavianerna), supporting the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf and his then-underage son. The decision to adopt Charles August became definitive on 15 July 1809. His great popularity in Norway was considered an advantage to the Swedish plans for the acquisition of that country. In addition, he had demonstrated his interest in a rapprochement between the two countries by refraining from invading Sweden during the Finnish War with Russia.

After the Treaty of Fredrikshamn between Sweden and Russia on 17 September 1809 which concluded the Finnish War, Sweden was ready for the inauguration of Charles August. He finally left Norway for Sweden on 7 January 1810. As Crown Prince of Sweden, he changed his name to Charles August (Swedish: Carl August). Honors were lavished upon him on his arrival, he was for example made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 18 April 1810, and was the first person to enjoy this status in that academy. However, he did not live long enough to make a historical impact in Sweden. He suddenly died on 28 May 1810, when he fell off his horse during a military practice in Kvidinge. His autopsy confirmed that he had died of a stroke, but at the same time rumours went that he had been poisoned by Gustavians. Specifically, the Marshal of the Realm Count Axel von Fersen was openly accused of having killed Charles August, and was lynched on 20 June 1810 during the funeral procession of Charles August. Charles August was buried in Riddarholmen Church, the burial church of Swedish monarchs.

Legacy and aftermath

A monument to Charles August was commissioned by Prince Frederik of Hesse and erected in 1810 in the royal park at Bygdøy near Oslo. Before his departure from Oslo, a grand farewell party was held in his honour, and a group of wealthy citizens formed the charitable foundation Prinds Christian Augusts Minde. It acquired a large town house which still bears his name. A street in Oslo, Kristian Augusts gate, was named after him in 1852.

Charles August's successor as adopted Crown Prince, who was accepted by the Riksdag of the Estates in August, was Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte.

See also

• House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
• Prinds Christian Augusts Minde - social institution in Oslo named after Charles August

Ancestry

References

1. Burke's Royal Families of the World I ISBN 0-85011-023-8 p. 278
2. Christian August, Prins af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg (Dansk biografisk Lexikon)
3. ^ Mykland, Knut. "Christian August". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
4. Karl 2 – utdypning (Store norske leksikon)
5. The Union's Last War: The Russian-Swedish War of 1808-09 (The Napoleon Series)
6. Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 74.

Other sources

• Blomberg, Wenche (2006) Prinds Christian Augusts Minde - historie og visjoner om de fattiges kvartal Norwegian
• Sandström, Allan (1994) Sveriges sista krig - de dramatiska åren 1808-1809 (Bokförlaget Libris, Örebro) Swedish

External links

• Prinds Christian Augusts Minde

v t e Heirs to the throne of Sweden
Gustav Karl Gustav Adolf Karl Gustav Karl August Carl Johan Oscar Carl Oscar Gustaf Gustaf Adolf Carl Gustaf Bertil Carl Philip Victoria
Heirs who succeeded are shown in italics

• 1768 births
• 1810 deaths
• House of Augustenburg
• Swedish princes
• Swedish adoptees
• Norwegian princes
• 18th-century Danish nobility
• 19th-century Danish nobility
• Danish military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
• Conspiracy theories in Europe
• Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Danish generals
• Governors-general of Norway
• Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
• People from Augustenborg, Denmark
• Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
• Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
• Heirs apparent who never acceded
• Burials at Riddarholmen Church
• Crown princes of Sweden