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XG-18/YC-122 Avitruc

YC-122C
Role	Military transport aircraftType of aircraft
Manufacturer	Chase
Designer	Michael Stroukoff
First flight	18 December 1947
Produced	1947–1953
Number built	18
Developed from	Chase CG-14
Developed into	Hiller X-18

The Chase XCG-18A and YC-122 Avitruc (known internally as the Chase MS.7) was a military transport aircraft designed by Chase Aircraft and produced in limited numbers in the United States in the late 1940s, initially as a glider, but definitively in powered form. The design was based on the CG-14 cargo glider but was substantially larger and featured all-metal construction. It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane. The fuselage was of rectangular cross-section and featured a loading ramp at its rear. The main undercarriage units were carried at the sides of the fuselage and were fixed, while the nosewheel was retractable. In its powered form, two radial engines were fitted in nacelles in the wings.

Design and development

The USAAF's experiences with cargo gliders during World War II indicated a role for a similar aircraft in the post-war inventory, but one capable of carrying a substantially heavier load and with greater recoverability than the essentially expendable wartime wooden assault gliders. Chase's CG-14 was selected as a starting point, and in January 1947, the USAAF placed an order for an enlarged, metal version of this aircraft, initially designated XCG-14B but redesignated to XCG-18A to reflect the basically all-new nature of the aircraft. When the prototype flew that December, it was the world's first all-metal transport glider. One of the major improvements was the use of a thinner wing section which allowed high tow speeds and small aircraft like the P-47 fighter being able to tow it into the air and to its release point.

Operational history

In March 1948, the service (now the USAF) ordered four more aircraft under the new designation XG-18A and a fifth to be fitted with engines as the YC-122. The air force eventually lost interest in purchasing assault gliders, but continued with the development of the powered variant, purchasing two more examples for evaluation as the YC-122A and redesignating the second of these as the YC-122B when the original Pratt & Whitney engines were swapped for Wright units. This aircraft would form the basis for the definitive service trials version, the YC-122C.

Nine of these aircraft were ordered and although they performed well in evaluation (first at Sewart AFB, Tennessee, later at Ardmore AFB, Oklahoma), the USAF no longer saw a need for a small transport aircraft and cancelled the project. Despite the short-lived history of the aircraft, it was used extensively at Ardmore AFB. By February 1955, at least one pilot, Captain Phillip C. Gromley of the 16th Troop Carrier Squadron, 463rd Troop Carrier Wing, achieved 1,000 hours in piloting the aircraft. All aircraft were replaced by Fairchild C-123B Providers by July 1955. The last YC-122C assault transport was flown to Tucson, Arizona, on 30 August 1955, for storage at Davis-Monthan AFB. Captain Gromely is recorded as making the final flight of a YC-122C to Tucson. The remaining machines served on in utility roles until 1957.

Following their retirement, the fuselage of one of the YC-122s was used in the construction of the Hiller X-18.

Variants

Chase MS.7: Company designation for the XCG-14B / XCG-18A
XCG-18A: XCG-14B re-designated
XG-18A: revised glider version (4 built)
YC-122: prototype powered version, an XG-18A with Pratt & Whitney R-2000-11 engines (one built)
YC-122A: refined version of the YC-122 (two built)
YC-122B: YC-122A re-engined with Wright R-1820-101 engines (one converted)
YC-122C: definitive service trials version (nine built)

Operators

United States

United States Air Force
- 16th Troop Carrier Squadron (Assault)
- 316th Troop Carrier Group

Specifications (YC-122C)

3-view line drawing of the Chase YG-18A

3-view line drawing of the Chase YC-122B

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52 & American Military Transport Aircraft Since 1925

General characteristics

Crew: Two pilots
Capacity: 30 troops or 24 stretchers or 7,500 lb (3.4 t) cargo
Length: 61 ft 8 in (18.80 m)
Wingspan: 95 ft 8 in (29.16 m)
Height: 24 ft 8 in (7.52 m)
Wing area: 812.8 sq ft (75.51 m)
Aspect ratio: 11.25:1
Empty weight: 19,000 lb (8,618 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 40,000 lb (18,144 kg)
Powerplant: 2 × Wright R-1820-101 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 1,425 hp (1,063 kW) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 240 mph (390 km/h, 210 kn)
Cruise speed: 200 mph (320 km/h, 170 kn)
Stall speed: 75 mph (121 km/h, 65 kn)
Range: 1,000 mi (1,600 km, 870 nmi) with maximum cargo
Service ceiling: 29,100 ft (8,900 m)
Rate of climb: 1,340 ft/min (6.8 m/s)

References

Notes

World Aircraft Information Files, File 891 Sheet 26. London: Bright Star Publishing.
Hearst Magazines (April 1948). "Combat Glider Carries 30 Men". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. p. 154.
Simmons, G. "Chronological Reminders Of The Past." Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Ardmore Air Force Base, 2014. Retrieved: 26 January 2014.
Bridgman 1951, pp. 214c–215c.
Johnson 2013, p. 192.

Bibliography

Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52.London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd, 1951.
Johnson, E. R. (2013). American Military Transport Aircraft Since 1925. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-6269-8.
Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989. ISBN 0-517-69186-8.
World Aircraft Information Files, File 891 Sheet 26–27. London: Bright Star Publishing, 1989.

External links

YC-122C Brochure

v t e Chase and Stroukoff aircraft
Gliders	YCG-14 XCG-18 XCG-20
Powered	YC-122 C-123 XC-123A YC-134
See also: X-18

USAAC/USAAF/USAF glider aircraft designations 1924–1962, Tri-Service designations 1962–present

USAAC/USAAF sequences
(1924–1947)

Assault glider	AG-1 AG-2
Bomb glider	BG-1 BG-2 BG-3
Cargo glider	CG-1 CG-2 CG-3 CG-4 CG-5 CG-6 CG-7 CG-8 CG-9 CG-10 CG-11 CG-12 CG-13 CG-14 CG-15 CG-16 CG-17 CG-18 CG-19 CG-20
Fuel glider	FG-1
Powered glider	PG-1 PG-2 PG-3
Training glider	TG-1 TG-2 TG-3 TG-4 TG-5 TG-6 TG-7 TG-8 TG-9 TG-10 TG-11 TG-12 TG-13 TG-14 TG-15 TG-16 TG-17 TG-18 TG-19 TG-20 TG-21 TG-22 TG-23 TG-24 TG-25 TG-26 TG-27 TG-28 TG-29 TG-30 TG-31 TG-32 TG-33

1948 USAF redesignations

Tri-Service sequence
(1962–present)

Not assigned

v t e United States military transport aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems
Army/Air Force sequence (1925–1962)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-11 C-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-41A C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46 C-47 C-47F C-47T AC-47 C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-52 C-53 C-54 C-55 C-56 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-60 C-61 C-62 C-63 C-64 C-65 C-66 C-67 C-68 C-69 C-70 C-70B C-71 C-72 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76 C-77 C-77B–D C-78 C-79 C-80 C-81 C-82 C-83 C-83A C-83B C-84 C-85 C-86 C-87 C-88 C-89 C-90 C-91 C-92 C-93 C-94 C-95 C-96 C-97 KC-97 C-98 C-99 C-100 C-101 C-102 C-103 C-104 C-105 C-106 C-107 C-108 C-109 C-110 C-111 C-112 C-113 C-114 C-115 C-116 C-117 C-117D C-118 C-119 AC-119 C-120 C-121 C-121F EC-121 C-122 C-123 C-123A C-124 C-125 C-126 C-127 C-127 (I) C-127 (II) C-128 C-129 C-130 C-130J AC-130 DC-130 EC-130/H HC-130 KC-130 LC-130 MC-130 WC-130 C-131 NC-131H C-132 C-133 C-134 C-135 KC-135 C-136 C-137 YC-137 (I) YC-137 (II) C-137 C-138 C-139 C-140 C-141 C-142
Tri-service sequence (1962–present)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-7 RC-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-10 KC-10 C-11 C-12 RC-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-20A–D C-20F–J C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-27J C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-37B C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46
Revived original sequence (2005–present)	C-143 C-144 C-145 C-146 C-147
Non-sequential designations	C-767 C-880
Related designations	CT-39 CT-43 CV-2 CV-7
Not assigned • Assigned to multiple types • Unconfirmed

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