The Chicago Commission on Race Relations was a non-partisan, interracial investigative committee, appointed by Illinois governor Frank Lowden. The commission was set up after the Chicago riots of July and August 1919 in "which thirty-eight lives were lost, twenty-three Negros and fifteen whites, and 537 persons were injured".The purpose of the commission was to investigate the causes of the Riot and make recommendations to prevent a tragedy like this from reoccurring. The research was the first extensive research on interracial Black-white relations conducted in Chicago funded by a government agency.
The sociological study was published in 1922 by the University of Chicago Press as The Negro in Chicago – A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot. The study included a substantial review of the background of the riots, the riots themselves, and their aftermath, together with original work and investigation into the relations between and perceptions of the black and white communities in Chicago. The Negro in Chicago ran to 672 pages with a number of plates, plans and other additional matter.
The Commission
The Chicago Commission on Race Relations was established at a meeting of eighty-one citizens, representing forty-eight social, civic, commercial, and professional organizations of Chicago. They set up a commission composed entirely of men six African-Americans and six European-Americans:
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European Americans |
African Americans
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Before conducting the research, the commission felt that a strong emphasis should be placed on understanding the life of the Negro in Chicago, in particular the relations between the two races. The following six subcommittees were created:
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Chicago at this time experienced a substantial increase of Black migration from the South. World War I had brought industrial jobs to cities in the North but many of these jobs were subject to a color bar and only available to whites. The arrival of black people in northern cities led to an increase in rent in underdeveloped neighborhoods and white flight. Expansion of the ghetto caused friction among white residents such that "bombs were thrown at black owned homes".
The research was conducted by a series of "conferences or informal hearings, and through research and fieldwork carried on by staff or trained investigator". Chicago's neighborhoods were classified into four groups: (1) mixed, unadjusted neighborhoods; (2) mixed, adjusted neighborhoods; (3) contested areas; and (4) neighborhoods that are entirely white or negro.
The study concluded that there were no immediate solutions to remedy the tensions between the racial groups and suggested that "through mutual understanding and sympathy between the races will be followed by harmony and co-operation".
Records
The records of the commission are stored in the Illinois State Archives.
References
- ^ The Negro in Chicago – A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot, Chicago Commission on Race Relations, University of Chicago Press (1922), pps. xiv–xvii; OCLC 837716516, 1129752158, 1125769446, 1043990181, 7435468702, 7254809522, 1089762154
- "The Chicago Race Riot of 1919". History. History com. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- Hamilton, with afterwords by the authors Kwame Ture & Charles V. (1992). Black power : the politics of liberation in America (Vintage ed.). New York: Vintage Books. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0-679-74313-2.
- ^ Drake, St Clair; Cayton, Horace R. (10 November 2015). Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226253350.
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