The Choctaw Nation may refer to:
- the Choctaw people, an indigenous ethnic group of the Southeastern Woodlands of North America
- Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma
- Jena Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe in Louisiana
- Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe in Mississippi
- Mississippi Choctaw Indian Federation
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