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In enzymology, a cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

cholesterol + NADPH + H + O₂ ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP + H₂O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are cholesterol, NADPH, H, and O₂, whereas its 3 products are 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, NADP, and H₂O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and CYP7A1. This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis and ppar signaling pathway. It employs one cofactor, heme.

References

• Boyd GS, Grimwade AM, Lawson ME (1973). "Studies on rat-liver microsomal cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase". Eur. J. Biochem. 37 (2): 334–40. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02992.x. PMID 4147676.
• Mitton JR, Scholan NA, Boyd GS (1971). "The oxidation of cholesterol in rat liver sub-cellular particles The cholesterol-7-alpha-Hydroxylase enzyme system". Eur. J. Biochem. 20 (4): 569–79. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01429.x. PMID 4397276.
• Ogishima T, Deguchi S, Okuda K (1987). "Purification and characterization of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase from rat liver microsomes". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (16): 7646–50. PMID 3584134.

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