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Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway

Overview
Headquarters	Cincinnati, Ohio
Reporting mark	CNTP
Locale	Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee
Dates of operation	1881–present
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Previous gauge	originally 5 ft (1,524 mm), converted to 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) in 1886
Length	337 miles (542 km)
No. of tracks	1–2
Operating speed	20–60 mph (32–97 km/h)
Route map Legend to Gest Street Yard & CSX Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision   Cincinnati Southern Bridge over Ohio River 3.00 Ludlow 8.00 Corby 9.80 Erlanger 12.50 Rice CSX LCL Subdivision 22.00 Bracht 32.00 Reid 38.10 Williamstown 43.00 Mason 46.80 Blanchet 60.00 Rohan 56.60 Sadieville 62.20 Rogers Gap 65.40 Delaplain Delaplain Yard 69.40 Georgetown 72.20 Akers 77.40 Greendale Lexington Yard 81.70 Lexington RJCC Central Kentucky Lines 83.20 Rosemont 85.60 Bishop 93.00 Nicholasville 95.70 Jessamine 98.20 Wilmore 102.50 High Bridge Kentucky River 105.00 Brown 109.00 Burgin 110.70 Faulkner NS Louisville District 112.60 North Wye 113.20 SJ Tower 116.40 DV Tower 116.60 Danville Yard First District Second District 118.30 South Danville L&N Lebanon Branch 120.80 Junction City 123.40 Bowen 130.20 Palm 132.40 Geneva 134.80 South Fork 139.20 Kings Mountain 142.10 Waynesburg 148.70 Gradison 154.80 Norwood 160.90 Somerset 162.80 Woods Cumberland River 167.60 Burnside Burnside Yard 167.60 General on main 1 (right) track only 170.20 Tateville 176.70 KD Tower North District South District 181.50 Cumberland Falls 190.40 Whitley 194.70 Revilo 200.69 Kentucky Tennessee 202.40 Ratliff 209.40 Oneida 211.50 Pemberton 215.30 Helenwood 215.40 Phillips New River Railway New River 221.90 Robbins 225.80 Glen Mary 231.40 Sunbright 241.50 Lancing 244.20 CW Tower 249.00 Coleman 251.20 Camp Austin 252.70 North Oakdale 254.40 Oakdale 254.20 Tunnel 25 255.50 Tunnel 26 256.50 North Waters 257.80 South Waters 258.20 Harriman Jct Oakdale Branch 259.70 Strange EG Line 260.00 McCoy Harriman & Northeastern 260.50 Emory Gap 261.40 EG Tower 267.7 269.1   Rockwood 275.4 277.3   Roddy 283.2 285.1   Spring City 292.2 295.0   Evensville 299.2 300.7   Dayton 309.7 311.8   Sale Creek 321.00 Daisy 325.00 Cave Springs 328.70 Hixson 331.10 Tenbridge Chattanooga Terminal District This diagram: view talk edit

The Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway (abbreviated: CNO&TP; (reporting mark CNTP)) is a railroad that owns the Cincinnati Southern Railway from Cincinnati, Ohio, south to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and leases it to the Norfolk Southern Railway system.

The physical assets of the road were initially financed by the city of Cincinnati in the 1870s, and until March 2024 had been owned by the city. It had been the only such long-distance railway owned by a municipality in the United States. The CNO&TP now owns that property and operates one rail line, the Cincinnati Southern Railway, between Cincinnati and Chattanooga.

History

The line opened completely in 1880, and was financed by the city of Cincinnati. Construction was spurred by a shift of Ohio River shipping, important to the local economy. Fearing the loss of shipping traffic and the local salaries and tax revenue that came with it, the city recognized the need to remain competitive. The Ohio Constitution forbade cities from forming partnerships in stock corporations, so the city, led by Edward A. Ferguson, took upon itself the building of the railway.

With wide popular approval, city voters voted for $10 million in municipal bonds in 1869 to begin construction. With 337 miles of track and many tunnels to construct, another bond for an additional $6 million was necessary. Some portions were open by 1877, and the entire line opened February 21, 1880. The last spike was placed on December 10, 1879. It opened for passenger service on March 8, 1880.

Routing

The CNO&TP main line has three districts: the First District from Cincinnati, Ohio, to Danville, Kentucky; the Second District from Danville to Oakdale, Tennessee; and the Third District from Oakdale to Chattanooga.

The Second District is known as the "Rathole" due to steep grades, 27 tunnels, and numerous curves which were once this line's signature. While several projects over the span of 60 years eliminated several problem areas, the Southern Railway's line improvement project between 1959 and 1963 is the best known. This project saw numerous cuts and line relocations to bypass tunnels and reduce the steep grades and tight curves. Only Tunnels #22 and #24 at Nemo, Tennessee and Tunnels #25 and #26 at Oakdale remain on the line; all but #25 were built new in the 1960s.

Originally built to 5 ft (1,524 mm) broad gauge, the line was converted to standard gauge, 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm), in 13 hours in 1886.

The late 1990s saw another improvement with the Norfolk Southern Railway double tracking the segment south of Somerset, Kentucky, between Tateville and KD Tower (near Greenwood, Kentucky). As of 2013, a massive project is underway to double track from Woods, also known as Somerset, to Grove just north of Burnside. This project will straighten a curve near the Kentucky Route 914 bypass overpass, allowing improved train handling. NS planners and engineering officials are still considering improving the company's second most profitable line, including the initial $65 million in line improvement projects from 1959 to 1963 and 1996 to 2010. Norfolk Southern is projected to have spent over $1 billion in a span of 60 years.

Queen and Crescent Route

After two years of leasing the property to local companies, in 1881 the city entered a 25-year lease to an entity called Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway, which was held by an English corporation controlled by German-born Parisian banker Frédéric Émile d'Erlanger. Soon Erlanger held all five segments of railroad from Cincinnati to New Orleans, and west from Meridian, Mississippi to Shreveport, Louisiana. This was dubbed the Queen and Crescent Route, connecting the Queen City to the Crescent City.

Erlanger sold his interest in 1890. In 1894 the CNO&TP was one of many properties reorganized by Samuel Spencer into the vastly expanded Southern Railway.

The railroad inaugurated a named passenger train for the route, the Queen and Crescent Limited, in 1926. Never a financial success, the train carried both coaches and Pullman sleepers and a dining car. The train was discontinued in 1949.

1911 strike

White firemen of the CNO&TP struck on January 9, 1911, when the company refused their demand that their black counterparts be fired within 90 days. Trains continued to run, with black firemen on their crews, in the vicinity of Kings Mountain, Kentucky, Somerset, Kentucky, and Oakdale, Tennessee, in terrain well-suited for sniper attacks. Within four days, sharpshooters killed at least eleven people: nine black railroad employees and two detectives.

Cincinnati Southern Railway

The present-day Cincinnati Southern Railway runs 337 miles (542 km) from Cincinnati to Chattanooga. It is still owned by the City of Cincinnati and is leased to the CNO&TP under a long-term lease; it is the only such long-distance railway owned by a municipality in the United States. The CNO&TP's lease of the Cincinnati Southern Railway is currently set to expire in 2026, with an option for a 25-year renewal.

The agreement is governed by the five-member Trustees of the Cincinnati Southern Railway, who are appointed by the Mayor of the City of Cincinnati.

The Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific is operated by Norfolk Southern as part of the Alabama Division. Between Cincinnati and Somerset the line is under control of the North End Dispatcher, Knoxville, Tennessee. Somerset to Hixson, Tennessee, is dispatched by the South End Dispatcher, Knoxville. The CT (Chattanooga Terminal) Dispatcher controls the last few miles and a few surrounding lines into Chattanooga.

More than 50 trains a day can be seen on the CNO&TP, with the heaviest concentration between Danville and Harriman, Tennessee. Quite a bit of the traffic is intermodal and automotive. General manifests, local freights, grain, coal, and other bulk commodities make up the rest of the traffic.

In 1925 CNO&TP reported 1688 million ton-miles of revenue freight (not including Harriman & Northeastern) on 338 route-miles operated; in 1967 it had 4116 million ton-miles on 337 route-miles. Revenue passenger-miles were 134 million in 1925 and 15 million in 1967.

In 2023 it was announced that Norfolk Southern had reached an agreement to buy the Cincinnati Southern for $1.6 billion, subject to approval by voters in Cincinnati, the Surface Transportation Board and the Ohio General Assembly. The Surface Transportation board has since given its approval. In November 2023, Cincinnati voters approved the deal to sell Cincinnati Southern. The Norfolk Southern closed on the acquisition in March 2024.

See also

• Queen and Crescent Route
• Interstate Commerce Commission v. Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway Co.
• Cincinnati–Blue Ash Airport, formerly owned by the City of Cincinnati outside the corporation limits
• French Park (Amberley, Ohio), also owned by the City of Cincinnati outside the corporation limits

References

1. "The Days They Changed the Gauge".
2. "Cincinnati Southern Railway | Edward A. Ferguson, the father of the Cincinnati Southern Railway".
3. ^ "The Birth of an Idea". Cincinnati Southern Railroad.
4. "Cincinnati to Chattanooga".
5. Appel, Walter A. (June 26, 2019). "Like hell they will". Classic Trains Magazine. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
6. Kleber, John C., ed. (2015). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 191. ISBN 9780813159010. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
7. "Eleven Men Killed in Firemen's Strike". New York Times. 13 March 1911. Retrieved 2 April 2016. Subsequent reports of a total twenty dead are harder to substantiate: see "Twenty Dead Now in Firemen's Strike". New York Times. 16 March 1911. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
8. Barry M. Horstman (2009-08-14). "Sell or Keep City Railroad?". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
9. "Cincinnati Municipal Code". §205. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
10. Charles Gilbert Hall (1902). The Cincinnati Southern Railway. Cincinnati: The McDonald Press.
11. "News Briefs". Trains. Kalmbach Media. February 2023. p. 6.
12. "Cincinnati May Sell One of the US's Last Publicly Owned Rail Lines to Norfolk Southern". Jacobin, October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
13. "Voters narrowly approve Cincinnati Southern sale". Trains. November 8, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
14. "Rail News - NS, city close sale of Cincinnati Southern Railway. For Railroad Career Professionals".

• Southern Railway Ties, August 1963
• Trackside Guide No. 1 - Cincinnati, Trains September 2002
• Railroads of Cincinnati, includes a history of the CNO&TP with photos

Further reading

• Z. Harrison (1878), Description of the Cincinnati Southern Railway from Cincinnati to Chattanooga, Cincinnati: Spencer & Craig printing works, OCLC 13741078, OL 6937907M
• Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway (1902). Hall, Charles Gilbert (ed.). The Cincinnati Southern Railway: A History. Cincinnati: McDonald Press. OCLC 612363026 – via Google Books.
• Ferguson, Edward Alexander (1905). Founding of the Cincinnati Southern Railway. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Company. OCLC 1578693 – via Google Books.
• Bogart, Charles H. (2009). "Cincinnati Southern Railroad". In Tenkotte, Paul A.; Claypool, James C. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Northern Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 181–182. ISBN 978-0-8131-2565-7 – via Google Books.
• Tate, Curtis. "Tunnel Trouble: Building and Rebuilding the Cincinnati Southern, 1869–1999." Ohio Valley History 12.3 (2012): 68–77. excerpt

External links

• Official website
• Particularly Everything Blog - Queen and Crescent: Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway

• Kentucky railroads
• Ohio railroads
• Tennessee railroads
• Former Class I railroads in the United States
• Predecessors of the Southern Railway (U.S.)
• Railway companies established in 1881
• 5 ft gauge railways in the United States
• 1881 establishments in Ohio
• Rail transportation in Cincinnati