| Pallid harrier | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male | |
| |
| Female | |
| Conservation status | |
 Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Accipitriformes |
| Family: | Accipitridae |
| Genus: | Circus |
| Species: | C. macrourus |
| Binomial name | |
| Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin, 1770) | |
| |
| Range of C. macrourus Breeding Passage Non-breeding | |
The pallid harrier (Circus macrourus) is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier subfamily. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek. Circus is from kirkos (circle), referring to a bird of prey named for its circling flight ('probably the hen harrier), and macrourus is "long-tailed", from makros (long) and -ouros (-tailed).
It breeds in southern parts of eastern Europe and central Asia and Iran and winters mainly in India and southeast Asia. It is a rare but increasing vagrant to Great Britain and western Europe. In 2017 a pair of pallid harriers nested in a barley field in the Netherlands; they raised four chicks, the first recording breeding of the species in the country. In 2019, a pair bred in Spain for the first time.
This medium-sized raptor breeds on open plains, bogs and heathland. In winter it is a bird of open country.
Description
This is a typical harrier, with long wings held in a shallow V in its low flight. It also resembles other harriers in having distinct male and female plumages. Adults measure 40–48 cm (16–19 in) long with a wingspan of 95–120 cm (37–47 in). Males weigh 315 g (11.1 oz) while the slightly larger females weigh 445 g (15.7 oz). The male is whitish grey above and white below, with narrow black wingtips. It differs from the hen harrier in its smaller size, narrower wings, paler colour, and different wing tip pattern. The female is brown above with white upper tail coverts, hence females and the similar juveniles are often called "ringtails". Her underparts are buff streaked with brown. It is best distinguished from the female hen harrier on structure. It is very similar to the female Montagu's harrier, but has a paler belly and a well defined facial pattern.
Behaviour and ecology
Pallid harriers primarily hunt small mammals and birds, surprising them as they drift low over fields and moors. Other food sources include large insects (typically grasshoppers and locusts), lizards and frogs. The nest of this species is on the ground. Three to six, but typically four to five whitish eggs are laid.
References
- BirdLife International (2018). "Circus macrourus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22695396A132304131. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
- Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 109, 236. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- "The Pallid Harrier, a new breeding species for the Netherlands". Nature Today. Grauwe Kiekendief - Kenniscentrum Akkervogels. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- "Pallid Harrier breeds in Spain for first time". BirdGuides. 29 July 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Orta, J; Christie, D A; Kirwan, G M. "Pallid Harrier". Birds of the World. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
Further reading
- Forsman, Dick (1995). "Field identification of female and juvenile Montagu's and Pallid Harriers" (PDF). Dutch Birding. 17 (2): 41–54.
External links
- Pallid harrier species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
- Iran's Birds - Pallid Harrier (in Persian)
- BirdLife species factsheet for Circus macrourus
- "Circus macrourus". Avibase.
- "Pallid harrier media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Pallid harrier photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Audio recordings of Pallid harrier on Xeno-canto.
- Website of Harrier Conservation International