Murder of the monks of Tibhirine

(Redirected from Cistercian Martyrs of Atlas) Algerian Civil War massacre

Martyrs of Atlas
Died	21 May 1996, Tibhirine, Algeria
Martyred by	Armed Islamic Group or regular Algerian Army
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Beatified	8 December 2018, Notre Dame de Santa Cruz, Oran, Algeria
Notable martyrs	Christian de Chergé, Brother Luc (born Paul Dochier), Father Christophe (Lebreton), Brother Michel (Fleury), Father Bruno (born Christian Lemarchand), Father Célestin (Ringeard), and Brother Paul (Favre-Miville)

v t e Algerian Civil War
Beginning of war 1991–1994 1990 Algerian local elections Guemmar 1991 legislative elections 1992 coup Assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf Algiers Blida Assassinations of journalists Escalation 1994–1996 Tazoult Tenes Ain Allah Berrouaghia Air France Flight 8969 Algiers Sundus Serkadji Ain Defla Ghardaïa France Massacres and reconciliation 1996–1999 Algiers Tibhirine Tamesguida Thalit Haouch Khemisti Omaria Chouardia 1997 legislative elections M'sila Si Zerrouk Oued El-Had and Mezouara Souhane Beni Ali massacre Rais Beni Messous Guelb El-Kebir Bentalha Sidi Daoud Sid El-Antri 1st Relizane 2nd Relizane Sidi-Hamed Oued Bouaicha Tadjena Defeat of the GIA 1999–2002 1999 presidential election Beni Ounif 1999 Algerian Civil Concord referendum Assassination of Abdelkader Hachani Killing of Antar Zouabri Sahara Sétif

Algerian Civil War

Beginning of war 1991–1994

Escalation 1994–1996

Massacres and reconciliation 1996–1999

Defeat of the GIA 1999–2002

On the night of 26–27 March 1996, seven monks of the Trappist order from the Our Lady of the Atlas Abbey of Tibhirine near Médéa, Algeria, were kidnapped during the Algerian Civil War. They were held for two months, and found dead in late May 1996. The circumstances of their kidnapping and death remain controversial; the Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armé, GIA) claimed responsibility for both, but in 2009, retired General François Buchwalter reported that the monks were killed by the Algerian army.

Circumstances

At approximately 1:15 a.m. on 27 March 1996, about twenty armed members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) arrived at the monastery of Tibhirine and kidnapped seven monks. Two others, Father Jean-Pierre and Father Amédée, were in separate rooms and escaped the kidnappers' notice. After the kidnappers left, the remaining monks attempted to contact the police, but found that the telephone lines had been cut. As there was a curfew in force, they had to wait until morning to drive to the police station in Médéa.

On 18 April, the GIA's communiqué no. 43 announced that they would release the monks in exchange for Abdelhak Layada, a former GIA leader who had been arrested three years earlier. On 30 April, a tape with the voices of the kidnapped monks, recorded on 20 April, was delivered to the French Embassy in Algiers. On 23 May, the GIA's communiqué no. 44 reported that they had executed the monks on 21 May. The Algerian government announced that their heads had been discovered on May 31; the whereabouts of their bodies is unknown. The funeral Mass for the monks was celebrated in the Catholic Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique (Our Lady of Africa) in Algiers on Sunday, 2 June 1996. Their remains were buried in the cemetery of the monastery at Tibhirine two days later.

The surviving two monks of Tibhirine left Algeria and travelled to a Trappist community near Fez in Morocco that would become the Priory of Our Lady of Atlas (today in Midelt).

The monks

All of the murdered monks were French. They were: Dom Christian de Chergé, Brother Luc (born Paul Dochier), Father Christophe (Lebreton), Brother Michel (Fleury), Father Bruno (born Christian Lemarchand), Father Célestin (Ringeard), and Brother Paul (Favre-Miville).

Accusations against Algerian army

In 2008, La Stampa reported that an anonymous high-ranking Western government official, based in Algeria at the time of the murders, had told them that the kidnapping was orchestrated by a DRS-infiltrated GIA group, but that the monks had been killed accidentally by an Algerian military helicopter which attacked the camp where they were being held captive.

In July 2009, the retired French general François Buchwalter, who was military attaché in Algeria at the time, testified to a judge that the monks had been accidentally killed by an Algerian government helicopter during an attack on a guerrilla position, then beheaded after their death to make it appear as though the GIA had killed them.

The day after Buchwalter's statement, former GIA leader Abdelhak Layada — who was in prison when the monks were killed — responded by reiterating the claim that the GIA had beheaded the monks after a breakdown of negotiations with the French secret service.

Martyrs of Algeria

The seven monks of the Our Lady of the Atlas, who were kidnapped and later beheaded, were beatified with twelve other martyrs of Algeria on December 8, 2018. The celebration occurred in Oran, Algeria.

References

Crumley, Bruce (16 July 2009). "Could Seven Dead Monks Upset President Nicolas Sarkozy's Bold Plans To Remake France's Legal System?". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009.
^ "Algerian army accused in massacre of French monks". France 24. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009.
^ Veilleux, Armand (31 December 2002). "The death of the monks of Tibhirine: facts, questions, and hypotheses".
Whitney, Craig R. (24 May 1996). "7 French Monks Reported Killed By Islamic Militants in Algeria". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
Flachaire, Jean-Pierre (2006). "Le monastère Notre Dame de l'Atlas au Maroc" (PDF). Collectanea Cisterciensia. 68: 1–18. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
Pennington, M. Basil (December 1996). "Cistercian Martyrs of Algeria, 1996". lovingjustwise.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
Pellizzari, Valerio (6 July 2008). "I monaci in Algeria uccisi dai militari" (in French). Algeria-Watch.
"Sarkozy to release details about beheaded monks in Algeria". The Irish Times. (subscription required)
Bensouiah, Azzeddine (8 July 2009). "Sarkozy accuse l'Algérie de mensonges" (in French). Algeria-Watch.
"GIA executed French monks in Algeria in 1996: former chief". AFP. 9 July 2009. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011.
"Catholic Monks Killed in Algeria's Civil War Are Beatified". The New York Times. December 8, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
Wooden, Cindy (September 14, 2018). "Algerian martyrs to be beatified in Algeria Dec. 8". Catholic News Service. Retrieved September 15, 2018.

External links

"Atlas Martyrs". Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance.
"Biographies of the seven monks (French and Spanish)".

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