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City of Refuge
Studio album by John Fahey
Released	February 11, 1997
Recorded	1996
Genre	Folk, avant-garde
Label	Tim/Kerr
Producer	Scott Colburn
John Fahey chronology
The Return of the Repressed: The John Fahey Anthology (1994) City of Refuge (1997) The Mill Pond (1997)

City of Refuge is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1997. It was his first original release in over five years and helped start his career resurgence.

History

Most of Fahey's catalog had been out-of-print before renewed interest in him began with the release of the Return of the Repressed compilation project for Rhino Records and an article by Byron Coley called "The Persecutions and Resurrections of Blind Joe Death". At the time, Fahey was divorced from his second wife and was living in homeless shelters or cheap hotels.

City of Refuge was Fahey's first release in over five years and helped start his career resurgence, although it bears minimal resemblance to his earlier work. It incorporates sound collages overlaying guitar work with various sound effects, including portions of "Pause", from Stereolab's 1993 album Transient Random-Noise Bursts with Announcements. He followed its release that same year with a collaboration album with Cul de Sac, an EP, and another full-length CD.

Fahey states in the liner notes: "For many years I was listed in the Schwann Catalog under popular. That is a much more accurate category than folk or new age. But, the most accurate category is Alternative."

Reception

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic
Encyclopedia of Popular Music
Entertainment Weekly	B
Robert Christgau	C+
Rolling Stone
The Rolling Stone Album Guide

City of Refuge received mixed reviews upon its release, most commenting on Fahey's unpredictability and innovation. Music critic Robert Christgau stated, "He doesn't want to be folk or New Age, and who can blame him?... Once in a while tunes poke through the refuse..." and referred to it as "...Fahey's ticket to wankdom."

Critic David Browne commented on Fahey's unpredictability and eccentricity and that "...Fahey's idiosyncratic style can lead to dark, glistening pieces like the title track—but also, alas, to indulgences like a 20-minute sound collage of static. Call it bizarro Windham Hill."

Rolling Stone said "...like a sleeper awakening, Fahey has ambled back into the room, still a bit unsteady from slumber." and Allmusic stated "Although guaranteed to irritate Fahey fans who only think of him as a "pretty" folk guitarist, City of Refuge is a mature and deep (if misanthropic) work, and one that deserves to be heard." CMJ New Music critic Douglas Wolk referred to the album as "...a bold, brash return to the acoustic guitar work of which he's been a master for almost 40 years, and a confident expansion of his talents."

PopMatters called the album "barely listenable", but probably the harshest review came from Gary Kamiya at Salon.com. " may not be the most unpleasant album ever recorded, but it comes close. At several points during this interminable, self-indulgent aural experiment, I became convinced that Fahey's purpose was to recreate the exact sensation of a bad LSD trip or an evil hangover on a metaphysical scale. If that is true, he succeeded admirably: This album should come with a free packet of Thorazine. There are one or two tracks on City of Refuge where something like guitar playing can be heard... At its best, achieves a nightmarish soundtrack quality... If you like nightmares, this album is for you."

In his article on Fahey's career resurgence in No Depression, Matt Hanks called City of Refuge "an album so good that in one fell swoop it erases many of the transgressions of former colleagues Kottke, Winston, and a host of other players who claim Fahey as a formative influence."

Track listing

All songs by John Fahey.

1. "Fanfare" – 5:17
2. "The Mill Pond" – 3:50
3. "Chelsey Silver, Please Come Home" – 4:30
4. "City of Refuge I" – 20:28
5. "City of Refuge III" – 6:25
6. "Hope Slumbers Eternal" – 5:03
7. "On the Death and Disembowelment of the New Age" – 19:26

Personnel

• John Fahey – guitar, sampling, tapes

Production notes

• John Pearse – string arrangements
• Mike Lastra – engineer
• Jeff Allman – engineer
• Scott Colburn – editing, mastering
• Marc Trunz – photography

References

1. Gross, Jason. "Dr. Demento gets serious about John Fahey". Perfect Sound Forever. Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
2. Coley, Byron (May 2001). "The Persecutions and Resurrections of Blind Joe Death". Perfect Sound Forever. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
3. John Fahey Dies. Billboard Magazine. March 10, 2001. Retrieved December 2009.
4. ^ Hanks, Matt (1997). "Age Against the Machine". No Depression (May–June). Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
5. The original liner notes for City of Refuge.
6. ^ Olewnick, Brian. "City of Refuge > Review". Allmusic. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
7. ^ Christgau, Robert. "City of Refuge > Review". Retrieved March 3, 2010.
8. Larkin, Colin (2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
9. ^ Browne, David (February 1997). "Review: City of Refuge". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009.
10. ^ Greenberger, David (January 1997). "Review: City of Refuge". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008.
11. Sheffield, Rob (2004). "John Fahey". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). London: Fireside Books. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
12. Wolk, Douglas (November 2000). "City of Refuge > Review". CMJ New Music.
13. Staff Editors. "Best of the Vanguard Years> Review". PopMatters. Retrieved March 15, 2010. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
14. Kamiya, Gary. "John Fahey, City of Refuge, and Leo Kottke, Standing in My Shoes > Review". Salon.com. Retrieved March 3, 2010.

External links

• New York Times. Ben Ratliff. 1997. A 60's Original With a New Life on the Fringe
• Of Rivers and Revision: John Fahey and Cul de Sac

• 1997 albums
• John Fahey (musician) albums