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Code page 866

MIME / IANA	IBM866
Alias(es)	cp866, 866
Language(s)	Russian, Bulgarian; Partial support: Ukrainian, Belarusian
Standard	WHATWG Encoding Standard
Classification	OEM code page, extended ASCII
Extends	US-ASCII
Based on	Alternative code page
Other related encoding(s)	(See below)
v t e

Code page 866 (CCSID 866) (CP 866, "DOS Cyrillic Russian") is a code page used under DOS and OS/2 in Russia to write Cyrillic script. It is based on the "alternative code page" (Russian: Альтернативная кодировка) developed in 1984 in IHNA AS USSR and published in 1986 by a research group at the Academy of Science of the USSR. The code page was widely used during the DOS era because it preserves all of the pseudographic symbols of code page 437 (unlike the "Main code page" or Code page 855) and maintains alphabetic order (although non-contiguously) of Cyrillic letters (unlike KOI8-R). Initially this encoding was only available in the Russian version of MS-DOS 4.01 (1990), but with MS-DOS 6.22 it became available in any language version.

The WHATWG Encoding Standard, which specifies the character encodings permitted in HTML5 which compliant browsers must support, includes Code page 866. It is the only single-byte encoding listed which is not named as an ISO 8859 part, Mac OS specific encoding, Microsoft Windows specific encoding (Windows-874 or Windows-125x) or KOI-8 variant. Authors of new pages and the designers of new protocols are instructed to use UTF-8 instead.

Two very similar but not identical encodings are standardised in GOST R 34.303-92 as KOI-8 N1 and KOI-8 N2 (not to be confused with the original KOI-8).

Character set

Each non-ASCII character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. The first half (code points 0–127) of this table is the same as that of code page 437.

Variants

There existed a few variants of the code page, but the differences were mostly in the last 16 code points (240–255).

Alternative code page

The original version of the code page by Bryabrin et al. (1986) is called the "Alternative code page" (Russian: Альтернативная кодировка), to distinguish it from the "Main code page" (Russian: Основная кодировка) by the same authors. It supports only Russian and Bulgarian. It is mostly the same as code page 866, except for codes F2_hex through F7_hex (which code page 866 changes to Ukrainian and Belarusian letters) and codes F8_hex through FB_hex (where code page 866 matches code page 437 instead). The differing row is shown below.

Modified code page 866

An unofficial variant with code points 240–255 identical to code page 437. However, the letter Ёё is usually placed at 240 and 241. This version supports only Russian and Bulgarian. The differing row is shown below.

GOST R 34.303-92

The GOST R 34.303-92 standard defines two variants, KOI-8 N1 and KOI-8 N2. These are not to be confused with the KOI-8 encoding, which they do not adhere to.

KOI-8 N2

KOI-8 N2 is the more extensive variant and matches code page 866 and the Alternative code page except for the last row or stick. For this last row, it supports letters for Belarusian and Ukrainian in addition to Russian, but in a layout unrelated to code page 866 or 1125. Notably the Russian Ё/ё (which was unchanged between the Alternative code page and code page 866) is also in a different location. KOI-8 N2's final stick is shown below.

KOI-8 N1

The other variant, KOI-8 N1, is a subset of KOI-8 N2 which omits the non-Russian Cyrillic letters and mixed single/double lined box-drawing characters, leaving them empty for further internationalization (compare with code page 850). The affected sticks are shown below.

Lithuanian variants

KBL

The KBL code page, unofficially known as Code page 771, is the earliest DOS character encoding for Lithuanian. It mostly matches code page 866 and the Alternative code page, but replaces the last row and some block characters with letters from the Lithuanian alphabet not otherwise present in ASCII. The Russian Ё/ё is not supported, similarly to KOI-7.

A modified version, Code page 773, which replaces the Cyrillic letters with Latvian and Estonian letters, also exists.

LST 1284

Lithuanian Standard LST 1284:1993, known as Code page 1119 or unofficially as Code page 772, mostly matches the "modified" Code page 866, except for the addition of quotation marks in the last row and the replacement of the mixed single-double box-drawing characters with Lithuanian letters (compare code page 850). Unlike KBL, the Russian Ё/ё is retained.

It accompanies LST 1283 (Code page 774/1118), which encodes the additional Lithuanian letters at the same locations as LST 1284, but is based on Code page 437 instead. It was later superseded by LST 1590-1 (Code page 775), which encodes these Lithuanian letters in the same locations, but does not include Cyrillic letters, replacing them with Latvian and Estonian letters.

Ukrainian and Belarusian variants

Ukrainian standard RST 2018-91 is designated by IBM as Code page 1125 (CCSID 1125), abbreviated CP1125, and also known as CP866U, CP866NAV or RUSCII. It matches the original Alternative code page for all points except for F2_hex through F9_hex inclusive, which are replaced with Ukrainian letters. Code page/CCSID 1131 matches code page 866 for all points except for F8_hex, F9_hex, and FC_hex through FE_hex inclusive, which are replaced with otherwise-missing Ukrainian and Belarusian letters, in the process displacing the bullet character (∙) from F9_hex to FE_hex. The differing rows are shown below.

Also, the so-called CP 866ukr code page is a modified version of CP866 with the replacement of Ўў by Іі. Unlike CP1125, it maintains full compatibility of Ukrainian letters with CP866, although Ґґ is missing. It is not included in the standard Windows distributions, but some users install a home-made patch that allows using this encoding to work in command-line programs (such as FAR Manager) with filenames containing the Cyrillic Іі.

Hryvnia variants

FreeDOS code page 30040 is a variant of code page 866 which replaces the currency sign (¤) at byte 0xFB with the hryvnia sign (₴, U+20B4).

FreeDOS code page 30039 is a variant of code page 1125 which makes the same replacement.

Euro sign updates

IBM code page/CCSID 808 is a variant of code page/CCSID 866; with the euro sign (€, U+20AC) in position FD_hex, replacing the universal currency sign (¤).

IBM code page/CCSID 848 is a variant of code page/CCSID 1125 with the euro sign at FD_hex, replacing ¤.

IBM code page/CCSID 849 is a variant of code page/CCSID 1131 with the euro sign at FB_hex, replacing ¤.

Lehner–Czech modification

An unofficial modification used in software developed by Michael Lehner and Peter R. Czech. It replaces three mathematic symbols with guillemets and the section sign which are commonly used in the Russian language. (Lehner and Czech created a number of alternative character sets for other European languages as well, including one based on CWI-2 for Hungarian, a Kamenicky-based one for Czech and Slovak, a Mazovia variant for Polish and a seemingly-unique encoding for Lithuanian. The modified row is shown below.

Latvian variant

A Latvian variant, supported by Star printers and FreeDOS, is code page 3012 (earlier FreeDOS called it code page 61282). This encoding is nicknamed "RusLat".

FreeDOS

FreeDOS provides additional unofficial extensions of code page 866 for various non-Slavic languages:

• 30002 – Cyrillic Tajik
• 30008 – Cyrillic Abkhaz and Ossetian
• 30010 – Cyrillic Gagauz and Moldovan
• 30011 – Cyrillic Russian Southern District (Kalmyk, Karachay-Balkar, Ossetian, North Caucasian)
• 30012 – Cyrillic Russian Siberian and Far Eastern Districts (Altai, Buryat, Khakas, Tuvan, Yakut, Tungusic, Paleo-Siberian)
• 30013 – Cyrillic Volga District – Turkic languages (Bashkir, Chuvash, Tatar)
• 30014 – Cyrillic Volga District – Finno-Ugric languages (Mari, Udmurt)
• 30015 – Cyrillic Khanty
• 30016 – Cyrillic Mansi
• 30017 – Cyrillic Northwestern District (Cyrillic Nenets, Latin Karelian, Latin Veps)
• 30018 – Latin Tatar and Cyrillic Russian
• 30019 – Latin Chechen and Cyrillic Russian
• 58152 – Cyrillic Kazakh with euro
• 58210 – Cyrillic Azeri
• 59234 – Cyrillic Tatar
• 60258 – Latin Azeri and Cyrillic Russian
• 62306 – Cyrillic Uzbek

Code page 900

Before Microsoft's final code page for Russian MS-DOS 4.01 was registered with IBM by Franz Rau of Microsoft as CP866 in January 1990, draft versions of it developed by Yuri Starikov (Юрий Стариков) of Dialogue were still called code page 900 internally. While the documentation was corrected to reflect the new name before the release of the product, sketches of earlier draft versions still named code page 900 and without Ukrainian and Belarusian letters, which had been added in autumn 1989, were published in the Russian press in 1990. Code page 900 slipped through into the distribution of the Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI codepage information file.

Notes

1. Includes distinctly Ukrainian and Rusyn letters Є and Ї, but no І distinct from Latin I, and implements Soviet orthography, i.e. omits Ґ. These are added in some modifications.
2. Includes uniquely Belarusian Ў, but no І distinct from Latin I (although this is added in some modifications).
3. i.e. codes 240 through 255, or F0_hex through FF_hex

References

1. Character Sets, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 2018-12-12
2. "CCSID 866 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
3. ^ Steele, Shawn (1996-04-24). "CP866.TXT: cp866_DOSCyrillicRussian to Unicode table". Unicode Consortium.
4. "OS/2" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
5. ^ "Code page 866 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-16.
6. "Code Pages Supported by Windows: OEM Code Pages". Go Global Development Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
7. ^ (in Russian) Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. Е. О системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ // Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 61–64.
8. "8.2.2.3. Character encodings". HTML 5.1 2nd Edition. W3C. User agents must support the encodings defined in the WHATWG Encoding standard, including, but not limited to
9. ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "Legacy single-byte encodings". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
10. van Kesteren, Anne. "Names and labels". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
11. ^ (in Russian) ГОСТ Р 34.303-92. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. 8-битный код обмена и обработки информации. = 8-bit coded character sets. 8-bit code for information interchange.
12. "OEM 866". Go Global Development Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
13. van Kesteren, Anne (2018-01-06). "Index index-ibm866". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
14. Code Page CPGID 00866 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
15. Code Page CPGID 00866 (txt), IBM
16. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-866_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
17. (in Russian) Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. Е. О системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ // Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 64.
18. (in Russian) Фигурнов В. Э. IBM PC для пользователя. — 2-е изд. — М.: 1992. — С. 279.
19. ^ "Codepages: Comprehensive list". Aivosto.
20. ^ "Rašmenų koduotės". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose (in Lithuanian).
21. "771 kodų lentelė" (in Lithuanian). Likit.
22. "771 kodų lentelė". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose – Rašmenų koduotės (in Lithuanian).
23. "772 kodų lentelė" (in Lithuanian). Likit.
24. "772 kodų lentelė". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose – Rašmenų koduotės (in Lithuanian).
25. "CCSID 1125 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-12-02.
26. Nechayev, Valentin (2013) . "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05.
27. ^ Code Page CPGID 01125 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
28. "CCSID 1131 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
29. "Code page 1131 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
30. IBM. "Code page identifiers: CP 01131". IBM Globalization. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
31. IBM. "Code Page 01131" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08.
32. Code Page CPGID 01125 (txt), IBM
33. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1125_P100-1997.ucm, 2002-12-03
34. (in Ukrainian) РСТ УРСР 2018-91. Система обробки інформації. Кодування символів української абетки 8-бітними кодами.
35. Code Page CPGID 01131 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
36. Code Page CPGID 01131 (txt), IBM
37. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1131_P100-1997.ucm, 2002-12-03
38. "Linux Wine + Far2l Ukrainian cp866".
39. "CCSID 808 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-12-01.
40. Code Page CPGID 00808 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
41. Code Page CPGID 00808 (txt), IBM
42. "CCSID 848 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-12-01.
43. Code Page CPGID 00848 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
44. Code Page CPGID 00848 (txt), IBM
45. "CCSID 849 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-26.
46. Code Page CPGID 00849 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
47. Code Page CPGID 00849 (txt), IBM
48. "LC-8021 Dot Matrix Printer, User's Manual" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
49. "CPIDOS - CPX files (Code Page Information) Pack v3.0 - DOS codepages". FreeDOS. Archived from the original on 2018-05-12. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
50. Starikov, Yuri (2005-04-11). "15-летию Russian MS-DOS 4.01 посвящается" [15 Years of Russian MS-DOS 4.01] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
51. Paul, Matthias R. (2001-06-10) . "Overview on DOS, OS/2, and Windows codepages" (CODEPAGE.LST file) (1.59 preliminary ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.

Further reading

• Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1.3. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

v t e Character encodings
Early telecommunications	Telegraph code Needle Morse Non-Latin Wabun/Kana Chinese Cyrillic Baudot and Murray Fieldata ASCII ISO/IEC 646 BCDIC Teletex and Videotex/Teletext T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 ITU T.61 ITU T.101 World System Teletext background sets Transcode
ISO/IEC 8859	Approved parts -1 (Western Europe) -2 (Central Europe) -3 (Maltese/Esperanto) -4 (North Europe) -5 (Cyrillic) -6 (Arabic) -7 (Greek) -8 (Hebrew) -9 (Turkish) -10 (Nordic) -11 (Thai) -13 (Baltic) -14 (Celtic) -15 (New Western Europe) -16 (Romanian) Abandoned parts -12 (Devanagari) Proposed but not approved KOI-8 Cyrillic Sámi Adaptations Welsh Barents Cyrillic Estonian Ukrainian Cyrillic
Bibliographic use	MARC-8 ANSEL CCCII/EACC ISO 5426 5426-2 5427 5428 6438 6862
National standards	ArmSCII Big5 BraSCII CNS 11643 DIN 66003 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 2312 GB 12345 GB 12052 GB 18030 HKSCS ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 KS X 1002 LST 1564 LST 1590-4 PASCII Shift JIS SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
ISO/IEC 2022	ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 10367 Extended Unix Code / EUC
Mac OS Code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic Central European Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Farsi (Persian) Font X (Kermit) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Keyboard Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham Roman Romanian Sámi Turkish Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian VT100
DOS code pages	437 668 708 720 737 770 773 775 776 777 778 850 851 852 853 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 897 899 903 904 932 936 942 949 950 951 1040 1042 1043 1046 1098 1115 1116 1117 1118 1127 3846 ABICOMP CS Indic CSX Indic CSX+ Indic CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	895 896 912 915 921 922 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1046 1124 1133
Windows code pages	CER-GS 932 936 (GBK) 950 1169 Extended Latin-8 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1270 Cyrillic + Finnish Cyrillic + French Cyrillic + German Polytonic Greek
EBCDIC code pages	Japanese language in EBCDIC DKOI
DEC terminals (VTx)	Multinational (MCS) National Replacement (NRCS) French Canadian Swiss Spanish United Kingdom Dutch Finnish French Norwegian and Danish Swedish Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 8-bit Greek 8-bit Turkish SI 960 Hebrew Special Graphics Technical (TCS)
Platform specific	1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 Acorn RISC OS Amstrad CPC Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor 8001 Compucolor II CP/M+ DEC RADIX 50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International Galaksija GEM GSM 03.38 HP Roman HP FOCAL HP RPL SQUOZE LICS LMBCS MSX NEC APC NeXT PETSCII PostScript Standard PostScript Latin 1 SAM Coupé Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 UTF-32 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 DIN 91379 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU TACE16 Comparison of Unicode encodings
TeX typesetting system	Cork LY1 OML OMS OT1
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP ASMO 449 Digital encoding of APL symbols ISO-IR-68 ARIB STD-B24 Fieldata HZ IEC-P27-1 INIS 7-bit 8-bit ISO-IR-169 ISO 2033 KOI KOI8-R KOI8-RU KOI8-U Mojikyō SEASCII Stanford/ITS Symbol TRON Unified Hangul Code
Control character	Morse prosigns C0 and C1 control codes ISO/IEC 6429 JIS X 0211 Unicode control, format and separator characters Whitespace characters
Related topics	CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware code page MICR code Mojibake Variable-length encoding
Character sets

• DOS code pages