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Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

It only contains the monotypic family Conioscyphaceae and the monotypic genus Conioscypha (which has 18 species).

It was formerly in subclass Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997, until 2017, when it was placed in subclass Savoryellomycetidae Hongsanan et al. Although still located within class Sordariomycetes.

The Conioscypha clade, based on molecular data, was considered as Ascomycota incertae sedis with Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus considered congeneric (Réblová and Seifert, 2004, Zelski et al., 2015 ) with Conioscypha accepted as the recommend name under the one name protocol (Réblová et al. 2016a).

In 2016, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. In the analysis, clade 45 represents the order Conioscyphales, which was established by Réblová et al. (2016a), with a single family Conioscyphaceae. They also introduced two new species, Conioscypha aquatica and Conioscypha submersa. It is a sister clade to orders Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.

Description

Conioscypha (the sole genus in the Conioscyphales) is generally characterised by aseptate, dark brown conidia and a unique mode of blastic conidiogenesis, when conidia are born in cyathiform (in the form of a cup, a little widened at the top) to doliiform (shaped like a barrel or cask) blastic conidiogenous cells surrounded by hyaline (transparent), cup-like collarettes with a multilamellar (having (or affecting) multiple lamellae) structure (Shearer & Motta 1973).

Distribution

It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. They have been found in South America, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa.

References

1. ^ Réblová, M.; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 37: 57-81.
2. ^ Luo, Zong-Long; Hyde, Kevin D.; Liu, Jian-Kui (Jack); Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Bao, Dan-Feng; Bhat, Darbhe Jayarama; Lin, Chuan-Gen; Li, Wen-Li; Yang, Jing; Liu, Ning-Guo; Lu, Yong-Zhong; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Li, Jun-Fu; Su, Hong-Yan (2019). "Freshwater Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 99: 451–660.
3. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
4. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 . doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
5. "Conioscypha - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
6. ^ "Conioscyphales Réblová & Seifert 2015 [2016]". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
7. Hongsanan, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Jeewon, R.; Zhao, Q. (2017). "An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Divers. 84: 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2.
8. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Handbook Of Scientific Tables (2022), p. 787, at Google Books
9. Tedersoo, Leho; Sanchez-Ramırez, Santiago; Köljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (May 2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1). doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0. hdl:10138/238983.
10. Réblová, Martina; Seifert, Keith A. (January 2004). "Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycetous genus for holomorphs with Conioscypha anamorphs". Studies in Mycology. 50 (1): 95–108.
11. Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1299–1314. doi:10.3852/12-035. PMID 22684295. S2CID 21460176.
12. Zelski, Steven E.; Raja, Huzefa A.; Miller, Andrew N.; Shearer, Carol A. (May 2015). "Conioscypha peruviana' sp. nov., its phylogenetic placement based on 28S rRNA gene, and a report of Conioscypha gracilis comb. nov. from Peru". Mycoscience. 56 (3): 319–325. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2014.09.002.
13. ^ Réblová, Martina; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěánek, V. (2015). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81.
14. Boonyuen, Nattawut; Charuwan, Chuaseeharonnachai; Suetrong, Satinee; Sri-indrasutdhi, Veera; Sivichai, Somsak; Gareth Jones, E.B.; Pang, Ka-Lai (2011). "Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Savoryella". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1351–1371. doi:10.3852/11-102. PMID 21642338. S2CID 207626885.
15. Shearer, C.A.; Motta, J.J. (1973). "Ultrastructure and conidio-genesis in Conioscypha (Hyphomycetes)". Canadian Journal of Botany. 51: 1747–1751.
16. Réblová, M.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Two new lineages of aquatic ascomycetes: Atractospora gen. nov. and Rubellisphaeria gen. et sp. nov., and a sexual morph of Myrmecridium montsegurinum sp. nov". Mycol Prog. 15: 21. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1166-z.
17. "Conioscyphales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 24 April 2023.

• Taxa described in 2018
• Ascomycota orders
• Sordariomycetes
• Monotypic fungus orders