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Constitution of Ukraine
Overview
Original title	Конституція України
Jurisdiction	Ukraine
Created	28 June 1996
System	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Government structure
Branches	Three
Head of state	President
Chambers	Unicameral (Verkhovna Rada)
Executive	Cabinet of Ministers
Judiciary	Supreme Court Constitutional Court and others
First legislature	12 May 1998
Supersedes	1978 Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR
Full text
Constitution of Ukraine at Wikisource
Footnote

Politics of Ukraine
Constitution Human rights
Presidency President Volodymyr Zelenskyy Office of the President National Security and Defence Council Presidential representatives Presidential symbols
Executive Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal Cabinet Shmyhal Government
Legislature Verkhovna Rada (parliament) Chairman: Ruslan Stefanchuk Committees People's Deputy of Ukraine Imperative mandate
Judiciary Constitutional Court Supreme Court Prosecutor General
Local government Local state administration (chief) Local legislature Administrative divisions Autonomous republics Oblasts Raions Cities (with special status)
Elections Central Election Commission Political parties Recent elections Presidential 2014 2019 next Parliamentary 2014 2019 next Local 2014 (Kyiv) 2015 2020 Referendums 1991 (March) 1991 (Dec) 2000
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Dmytro Kuleba Diplomatic missions of / in Ukraine Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy International membership CIS GUAM Ukraine–European Union relations Ukraine–NATO relations Countries Austria Belarus Canada China Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Iceland India Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Malta Moldova Montenegro Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia South Africa Sweden Transnistria United Kingdom United States International organizations CIS European Union GUAM NATO Diplomatic missions of Ukraine in Ukraine
See also Ukrainian nationalism Declaration of Independence Proclamation of Independence Cassette Scandal Ukraine without Kuchma Orange Revolution Russia–Ukraine gas disputes Universal of National Unity Political crises of 2006 2007 2008 Kharkiv Pact Annexation of Crimea by Russia 2022 Russian invasion
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The Constitution of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Конституція України, romanized: Konstytutsiia Ukrainy, pronounced [kɔnsteˈtut͡sʲijɐ ʊkrɐˈjine]) is the fundamental law of Ukraine. The constitution was adopted and ratified at the 5th session of the Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine, on 28 June 1996. The constitution was passed with 315 ayes out of 450 votes possible (300 ayes minimum). All other laws and other normative legal acts of Ukraine must conform to the constitution. The right to amend the constitution through a special legislative procedure is vested exclusively in the parliament. The only body that may interpret the constitution and determine whether legislation conforms to it is the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Since 1996, the public holiday Constitution Day is celebrated on 28 June.

In 2004, amendments were adopted that significantly changed Ukraine's political system; these changes are sometimes referred to as the 2004 Constitution. In 2010, then-President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych reverted these changes on the basis of a ruling made by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Following the events of Euromaidan (2013–2014), the 2004 amendments were reinstated.

History

Until 8 June 1995, Ukraine's supreme law was the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Ukrainian SSR (adopted in 1978, with numerous later amendments). On 8 June 1995, President Leonid Kuchma and Speaker Oleksandr Moroz (acting on behalf of the parliament) signed the Constitutional Agreement for the period until a new constitution could be drafted.

The first constitution since independence was adopted during an overnight parliamentary session after almost 24 hours of debate of 27–28 June 1996, unofficially known as "the constitutional night of 1996." The Law No. 254/96-BP ratifying the constitution, nullifying previous constitutions and the Agreement was ceremonially signed and promulgated in mid-July 1996. According to a ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the constitution took force at the moment when the results of the parliamentary vote were announced on 28 June 1996 at approx. 9 a.m. Kyiv Time. Ukraine was the last of the post-Soviet states to adopt its own constitution. On Constitution Day 2018, President Petro Poroshenko remarked that the 1710 Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk is the predecessor of Ukraine's current constitution.

In February 2019 the constitution was amended to require governments to seek European Union and NATO membership.

Structure

The Constitution of Ukraine is divided into 15 chapters:

1. General Principles
2. Human and Citizens' Rights, Freedoms and Duties
3. Elections. Referendums
4. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
5. President of Ukraine
6. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Other Bodies of Executive Power
7. Prokuratura (Prosecutor's Office)
8. Justice
9. Territorial Structure of Ukraine
10. Autonomous Republic of Crimea
11. Local Self-Government
12. Constitutional Court of Ukraine
13. Introducing Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine
14. Final Provisions
15. Transitional Provisions

Amendments

In accordance with Chapter XIII: Introducing Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine, the constitution can only be amended with the consent of no less than two-thirds of the constitutional composition (the 450 Ukrainian lawmakers) of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. In addition, amendments to Chapter I — "General Principles," Chapter III — "Elections. Referendum", and Chapter XIII — "Introducing Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine" can only be amended by the parliament of Ukraine on the condition that it is also approved by an All-Ukrainian referendum designated by the President of Ukraine. In May 2012, President Viktor Yanukovych set up the Constitutional Assembly of Ukraine; a special auxiliary agency under the President for drawing up bills of amendments to the Constitution, the president then will introduce them in parliament.

2004 and 2010 amendments and 2014 return to 2004 amendments

On 8 December 2004, the parliament passed Law No. 2222-IV amending the constitution. The law was approved with a 90 percent majority (402 voted in favour and 21 against, with 19 abstentions; 300 in favour required for passage) simultaneously with other legislative measures aimed at resolving the 2004 presidential election crisis. It was signed almost immediately in the parliamentary chamber by the outgoing President Leonid Kuchma and promulgated on the same day. These amendments weakened the power of the President of Ukraine, who lost the power to nominate the Prime Minister of Ukraine, which became the task of the parliament solely. The President could only appoint the Minister of Defence and Foreign Minister. The President also lost the right to dismiss members of the Cabinet of Ukraine, but gained the right to dissolve Parliament. If no coalition in parliament could be formed to appoint a Prime Minister, the President would have no choice but to call new parliamentary elections. The 2004 constitutional amendments were passed in the Parliament only with limited consultation and discussion between political forces, in the context of the Orange Revolution. They therefore attracted criticism from several internal (Ukrainian political parties) and external bodies (the Council of Europe, the European Parliament and the Venice Commission).

The amendments took force unconditionally on 1 January 2006. The remaining amendments took force on 25 May 2006, when the new parliament assembled after the 2006 elections. On 1 October 2010, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine overturned the 2004 amendments, considering them unconstitutional. The Court had started to consider the case on the political reform in 2004 under a motion from 252 coalition lawmakers regarding the constitutionality of this reform of 14 July 2010. The 2010 nullification decision was highly controversial. The Council of Europe's Human Rights Commissioner received several reports alleging that the resignation of four judges in the run-up to the decision occurred as a result of extensive pressure by the executive. On 18 November 2010, the Venice Commission published its report titled The Opinion of the Constitutional Situation in Ukraine in Review of the Judgement of Ukraine's Constitutional Court, in which it stated: "It also considers highly unusual that far-reaching constitutional amendments, including the change of the political system of the country – from a parliamentary system to a parliamentary presidential one – are declared unconstitutional by a decision of the Constitutional Court after a period of 6 years. ... As Constitutional Courts are bound by the Constitution and do not stand above it, such decisions raise important questions of democratic legitimacy and the rule of law".

On 21 February 2014, the parliament passed a law that reinstated the 8 December 2004 amendments of the constitution. This was passed under a simplified procedure, without any decision of the relevant committee, and was passed in the first and the second reading in one vote by 386 deputies. The law was approved by 140 MPs of the Party of Regions, 89 MPs of Batkivshchyna, 40 MPs of UDAR, 32 of the Communist Party, and 50 independent lawmakers. According to Radio Free Europe, the measure was not signed by the then-President Viktor Yanukovych, who was subsequently removed from office. The reinstatement of these amendments was adopted according to the 2014 Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine. This was followed shortly thereafter by the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine.

2019 amendments

On 7 February 2019, the Verkhovna Rada voted 334 to 17 to amend the constitution to state Ukraine's strategic objectives as joining the European Union and NATO.

See also

Former constitutions

• Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk (1710)
• Constitution of the Ukrainian National Republic (1917)
• First Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR (1919)
  • Amendments of 1925
• Second Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR (1929)
• Third Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR (1937)
• Fourth Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR (1978)
• Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (1998)

Others

• Constitutional economics
• Constitutionalism
• Rule according to higher law

References

1. "Constitution of Ukraine". rm.coe.int - Council of Europe. 28 June 1996. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
2. ^ Ukraine celebrating 20th anniversary of Constitution, UNIAN (28 June 2016)
3. Yulia Tymoshenko Goes On Trial A Day Before Constitution Day, Eurasia Daily Monitor (30 July 2011)
4. 1996: THE YEAR IN REVIEW Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Weekly (29 December 1996)
5. Ukraine's leaders congratulate Ukrainians on Constitution Day, Interfax-Ukraine (28 June 2018)
6. Ukraine marks Constitution Day on June 28, UNIAN (28 June 2018)
7. BYT not to vote for prolonging term of parliament, president, Kyiv Post (31 January 2011)
8. Klitschko:UDAR won't join work of Constitutional Assembly, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)
9. Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada decree No. 2222-IV: About the amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine. Adopted on 2004-12-08. (Ukrainian)
10. The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013, ISBN 0857935372 (page 732)
11. ^ ELECTION DEFEAT A COLD SHOWER FOR YUSHCHENKO Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine, The Jamestown Foundation (29 March 2006)
12. EUObserver, 16 October 2010
13. Summary to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine No. 20-rp/2010 dated 30 September 2010 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
14. Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Kyiv Post (1 October 2010)
15. Constitutional Court to issue ruling on 2004 political reform on Friday, Kyiv Post (30 September 2010)
16. Political analysts: Cancelation of 2004 political reform may deepen split in Ukraine, Kyiv Post (25 August 2010)
17. Ukraine court to rule on wider presidential powers, Kyiv Post (30 September 2010)
18. [http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/98.pdf "Freedom House Report on the State of Democracy and Human Rights in Ukraine". Freedom House. April 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
19. "Opinion on the Constitutional Situation in Ukraine". Venice Commission. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
20. Ukrainian parliament reinstates 2004 Constitution, Interfax-Ukraine (21 February 2014)
21. Sindelar, Daisy (23 February 2014). "Was Yanukovych's Ouster Constitutional?". Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty (Rferl.org). Retrieved 25 February 2014. Yanukovych, however, failed to sign the measure.
22. "Ukraine's parliament backs changes to Constitution confirming Ukraine's path toward EU, NATO". www.unian.info. Retrieved 7 February 2019.

Further reading

• Sedelius, T.; Berglund, S. (2012). "Towards Presidential Rule in Ukraine: Hybrid Regime Dynamics Under Semi-Presidentialism". Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. 5 (1): 20–45. doi:10.2478/v10076-012-0002-2.

External links

• Official text of Constitution — from site of the parliament of Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
• English translation of Constitution: .doc file download from Constitutional Court of Ukraine site or webpage on parliament site
• Amendments (Law No. 2222-IV) — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Constitution of 1978 (with amendments) — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Constitution of 1978 (original) — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Constitutional Agreement of 1995 — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Declaration on the State Sovereignty of 16 July 1990 — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Independence Act of 24 August 1991 — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Constitutional process in Ukraine (including historical legal documents and the chronicles of adoption of the Constitution of 1996) — site of the parliament (in Ukrainian)
• Venice Commission - Ukraine Council of Europe (in Ukrainian)

v t e Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity
21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014
Main topics	Timeline of the Euromaidan Domestic responses to the Euromaidan International reactions to the Euromaidan Casualties Heavenly Hundred Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes Damaged communist monuments
Main events	1 December 2013 riots Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv 11 December 2013 assault Ukrainian–Russian action plan Anti-Maidan Vasylkiv terrorists case Anti-protest laws in Ukraine 2014 Odesa clashes 2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots 2014 RSA occupations Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine Revolution of Dignity
Aftermath	2014 pro-Russian unrest Timeline Russian military intervention 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia Timeline War in Donbas timeline First Yatsenyuk government Lustration in Ukraine Decommunization in Ukraine
Elections	2014 Ukrainian presidential election 2014 Ukrainian local elections 2014 Kyiv local election 2014 Crimean status referendum 2014 Donbas status referendums 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Main places	Maidan Nezalezhnosti Mezhyhirya Khreshchatyk Lypky Bankova Street European Square Hrushevskoho Street Dynamo Stadium Kyiv City Council Trade Unions Building Ukrainian House Mariinskyi Park October Palace Kyiv Conservatory
European integration	Ukraine–European Union relations Eastern Partnership European Union Association Agreement European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement Constitution of Ukraine
Protest figures	Organizations Maidan People's Union Euromaidan Press Parliamentary opposition parties Batkivshchyna Svoboda UDAR Other parties Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists Democratic Alliance UNA–UNSO United Left and Peasants Civic organizations Automaidan Road Control Vidsich Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People Militant groups Right Sector Spilna Sprava Lead figures Vitali Klitschko Arseniy Yatsenyuk Oleh Tyahnybok Petro Poroshenko Yuriy Lutsenko Oleksandr Turchynov Yulia Tymoshenko Andriy Parubiy Andriy Sadovyi Arsen Avakov Ruslana Tetiana Chornovol Dmytro Bulatov Dmytro Yarosh Refat Chubarov
Anti-protest figures	Organizations Second Azarov government Ministry of Internal Affairs Internal Troops of Ukraine Security Service of Ukraine Berkut Militsiya (Ukraine) Party of Regions Titushky Night Wolves Don Cossacks Antimaidan Lead figures Viktor Yanukovych Mykola Azarov Serhiy Arbuzov Vitaliy Zakharchenko Oleksandr Yefremov Andriy Klyuyev Hennadiy Kernes Mykhailo Dobkin Viktor Pshonka Olena Lukash Yuriy Boyko Leonid Kozhara Dmytro Tabachnyk Oleksandr Klymenko

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