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In urban planning, a historic core city or central city is the municipality with the largest 1940 population in the present metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area). This term was retired by the US census bureau and replaced by the term principal city, which can include historic core cities and post-WWII cities. Metropolitan areas were no longer considered monocentric, but polycentric due to suburbanization of employment. A historic core city is not to be confused with the core of a metropolitan area which is defined as an urban area with a population of over 50,000 by the US census bureau.

Historic core cites in the United States often have higher detached single family housing rates, lower density, and fewer jobs than surrounding satellite cities and suburbs. A central city is usually the first settlement established in an urban region, years before the outlying districts came into existence. These cities typically contain less economic activity and more crime than their surrounding areas. Central cities often form the regional downtowns of metro areas. The term is used mainly in US context, although since the 1970s it has also become relatively common in Canada and, to a lesser extent, Europe and Australia.

Examples

Metropolitan areas with one core city

The followings are the core city of the five largest metropolitan areas in the world.

Metropolitan area	Core city		Country	Metropolitan population
	Name	Location
Greater Tokyo Area (Kantō region)	Tokyo	35°41′23″N 139°41′32″E / 35.68972°N 139.69222°E / 35.68972; 139.69222 (Tokyo)	Japan	37,274,000
Jakarta metropolitan area (Jabodetabekpunjur)	Jakarta	6°10′30″S 106°49′43″E / 6.17500°S 106.82861°E / -6.17500; 106.82861 (Jakarta)	Indonesia	33,430,285
Central National Capital Region (Delhi Metropolitan Area)	Delhi	28°36′36″N 77°13′48″E / 28.61000°N 77.23000°E / 28.61000; 77.23000 (Delhi)	India	29,000,000
Seoul Capital Area (Sudogwon region)	Seoul	37°34′N 126°58′E / 37.567°N 126.967°E / 37.567; 126.967 (Seoul)	South Korea	25,514,000
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (मुंबई महानगर प्रदेश)	Mumbai, Maharashtra	18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583 (Mumbai)	India	24,400,000

Metropolitan areas with more than one core city

Metropolitan area	Core cities		Country	Metropolitan population
	Name	Location
Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex	Dallas	32°46′45″N 96°48′32″W / 32.77917°N 96.80889°W / 32.77917; -96.80889 (Dallas)	United States	7,470,158
	Fort Worth	32°45′N 97°20′W / 32.750°N 97.333°W / 32.750; -97.333 (Fort Worth)
Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region	Essen	51°27′3″N 7°0′47″E / 51.45083°N 7.01306°E / 51.45083; 7.01306 (Essen)	Germany	1,555,985
	Düsseldorf	51°14′N 6°47′E / 51.233°N 6.783°E / 51.233; 6.783 (Düsseldorf)
Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area	Islamabad	33°41′35″N 73°03′50″E / 33.69306°N 73.06389°E / 33.69306; 73.06389 (Islamabad)	Pakistan	4,500,000
	Rawalpindi	33°36′N 73°02′E / 33.600°N 73.033°E / 33.600; 73.033 (Rawalpindi)

See also

• Satellite city
• Edge city
• Commuter town

References

1. "Suburbanized Core Cities | Newgeography.com". www.newgeography.com. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
2. "Principal Cities 2012 Demographic Economic Patterns General Demographics".
3. "Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities | Newgeography.com". www.newgeography.com. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
4. https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch13GARM.pdf
5. "Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 123/Monday, June 28, 2010/Notices" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
6. "American community survey housing data". US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
7. "Suburbs continue to Dominate Jobs and Job Growth". new geography. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
8. "population per square mile Phoenix Metro area". statistical atlas. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
9. "St Louis City Gross Domestic Product". Fred economic data. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
10. "St Louis MO-IL metro area Gross Domestic Product". Fred economic data. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
11. "San Francisco City GDP". Fred economic data. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
12. "San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward MSA Gross Domestic Product". Fred Economic Data. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
13. "Why is crime higher in cities?". Tomorrow City. 7 October 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
14. Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 72.
15. "Central city definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary".
16. "Definition of CENTRAL CITY". www.merriam-webster.com.
17. "Principal Cities 2012 Demographic Economic Patterns General Demographics". proximityone.com.
18. "Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas" (PDF). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
19. "Jabodetabekpunjur". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
20. Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (February 17, 2019). "Delhi could be the world's most populous city by 2028. But is it really prepared?". The Economic Times.
21. ???? : ???? ???? (in Korean). Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
22. https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/Roads%20and%20Traffic/Docs/CMP%20for%20Greater%20Mumbai/Executive%20Summary/Executive%20Summary.pdf
23. "Dallas - Fort Worth - Arlington (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de.
24. "Metropolitan Area Populations". Eurostat. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
25. "Box-1: Rawalpindi–Islamabad Metrobus Project" (PDF). Ministry of Finance and Revenue. 30 June 2014. p. 197. Retrieved 11 March 2020.

Further reading

• OECD (2020). Urban Policy Reviews: Enhancing Productivity in UK Core Cities. OECD Publishing. ISBN 9789264882140.
• Parkinson, Michael (2004). Competitive European Cities: Where Do the Core Cities Stand?. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. ISBN 9781851126903.

External links

• High-Income World: Core Cities and Densification. Demographia

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