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Costa Rica is an active member of the international community and, in 1983, claimed it was for neutrality. Due to certain powerful constituencies favoring its methods, it has a weight in world affairs far beyond its size. The country lobbied aggressively for the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and became the first nation to recognize the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights Court, based in San José.

The foreign affairs of the Republic of Costa Rica are a function of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship.

History

Costa Rica gained election as president of the Group of 77 in the United Nations in 1995. That term ended in 1997 with the South-South Conference held in San Jose.

Costa Rica occupied a nonpermanent seat in the Security Council from 1997 to 1999 and exercised a leadership role in confronting crises in the Middle East and Africa, as well as in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is currently a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. On Jan 1 2008 Costa Rica started its third year term on the Security Council.

Costa Rica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, which led to the restoration of the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994. Costa Rica was among the first to call for a postponement of the May 22 elections in Peru when international observer missions found electoral machinery not prepared for the vote count.

Costa Rica is also a member of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Costa Rica's relation to Central America

In 1987, then President Óscar Arias authored a regional plan that served as the basis for the Esquipulas Peace Agreement and Arias was awarded the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for his work. Arias also promoted change in the USSR-backed Nicaraguan government of the era. Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections. Costa Rica has been a strong proponent of regional arms-limitation agreements. Former President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez recently proposed the abolition of all Central American militaries and the creation of a regional counternarcotics police force in their stead.

With the establishment of democratically elected governments in all Central American nations by the 1990s, Costa Rica turned its focus from regional conflicts to the pursuit of neoliberal policies on the isthmus. The influence of these policies, along with the US invasion of Panama, was instrumental in drawing Panama into the Central American model of neoliberalism. Costa Rica also participated in the multinational Partnership for Democracy and Development in Central America.

Regional political integration has not proven attractive to Costa Rica. The country debated its role in the Central American integration process under former President Calderon. Costa Rica has sought concrete economic ties with its Central American neighbors rather than the establishment of regional political institutions, and it chose not to join the Central American Parliament.

Costa Rica in the UN

Costa Rica has been an active member of the United Nations since its inception at the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Its first ambassador to the United Nations was Fernando Soto Harrison, the secretary of governance under President Picado.

Costa Rican Christiana Figueres was nominated for the post of UN secretary-general in July 2016.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Costa Rica maintains diplomatic relations:

# Country Date
1  Honduras 1 July 1839
2  Guatemala 18 August 1839
3  El Salvador 10 December 1845
4  United Kingdom 28 February 1848
5  France 12 March 1848
6  Italy 1849
7  Spain 10 May 1850
8  United States 24 March 1851
9  Peru 25 April 1852
10  Netherlands 12 July 1852
11  Colombia 11 June 1856
12  Brazil 1857
13  Belgium 26 July 1858
14  Chile 1858
15  Argentina 23 October 1862
16   Switzerland 1865
17  Nicaragua 30 July 1868
18  Russia 1872
19  Mexico 3 August 1876
20  Dominican Republic 10 August 1876
21  Paraguay 1883
22  Sweden 1883
23  Ecuador 26 October 1885
24  Venezuela 22 June 1891
25  Panama 29 December 1903
26  Cuba 17 December 1907
—  Holy See 19 August 1908
27  Portugal 10 July 1913
28  Bolivia 1913
29  Uruguay 16 January 1930
30  Poland 18 November 1933
31  Czech Republic 21 March 1935
32  Japan February 1935
33  Norway 2 May 1939
34  Philippines 5 July 1946
35  Turkey 20 April 1950
36  Serbia 14 June 1952
37  Germany 7 October 1952
38  Israel 22 October 1954
39  Haiti 29 September 1955
40  Denmark 26 September 1956
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 8 August 1957
41  Austria 17 April 1958
42  Canada 20 January 1961
43  South Korea 15 August 1962
44  Luxembourg 29 January 1963
45  Syria 15 December 1964
46  Egypt 1964
47  Greece 2 July 1965
48  Finland 23 August 1966
49  India 1968
50  Hungary 14 May 1970
51  Bulgaria 9 October 1970
52  Romania 4 July 1970
53  Trinidad and Tobago 21 May 1971
54  Jamaica 21 July 1971
55  Barbados 6 March 1972
56  Ivory Coast 5 February 1973
57  Albania 20 February 1973
58  Tunisia 15 October 1973
59  Pakistan 9 November 1973
60  North Korea 10 February 1974
61  Guyana 17 April 1974
62  Cameroon April 1974
63  Australia July 1974
64  Libya 30 November 1974
65  Bahamas 1974
66  Nigeria 26 June 1975
67  Vietnam 24 April 1976
68  Myanmar 8 March 1977
69  Malaysia 17 April 1977
70  Mongolia 6 June 1977
71  Sri Lanka 11 June 1977
72    Nepal 16 August 1977
73  Papua New Guinea 28 April 1978
74  Senegal 23 January 1979
75  Suriname 1 March 1979
76  Togo 11 June 1979
77  Iraq March 1981
78  Equatorial Guinea April 1981
79  Belize September 1981
80  Cyprus 17 November 1981
81  Kenya 1982
82  Antigua and Barbuda 16 January 1984
83  Indonesia 3 January 1985
84  Morocco 25 September 1986
85  Singapore 1 September 1987
86  New Zealand 5 July 1988
87  Algeria 13 March 1990
88  Saint Lucia 1991
89  Seychelles 17 March 1992
90  Lithuania 17 May 1992
91  Ukraine 9 June 1992
92  Saint Kitts and Nevis 11 June 1992
93  Marshall Islands 15 June 1992
94  Belarus 24 June 1992
95  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines June 1992
96  Grenada 31 August 1992
97  Slovakia 6 January 1993
98  Estonia 4 October 1993
99  Brunei 14 April 1994
100  Benin 28 June 1994
101  South Africa 4 October 1994
102  Guinea-Bissau 28 March 1995
103  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19 October 1995
104  Croatia 19 October 1995
105  Slovenia 19 October 1995
106  Andorra 22 May 1996
107  Cape Verde 23 May 1996
108  Kazakhstan 1 October 1996
109  North Macedonia 15 October 1996
110  Iceland 10 January 1997
111  Azerbaijan 15 January 1997
112  Armenia 8 April 1997
113  Lesotho 17 April 1998
114  Georgia 5 May 1998
115  Gambia 26 October 1999
116  Cambodia Before 1999
117  Ethiopia Before 1999
118  Liberia Before 1999
119  Malta Before 1999
120  Namibia Before 1999
121  Moldova 4 May 2000
122  Liechtenstein 12 January 2000
123  Thailand 25 April 2000
124  Ghana 11 July 2000
125  Ireland 15 September 2000
126  Tajikistan 28 February 2001
127  Rwanda 8 March 2001
128  Angola 13 March 2001
129  Mozambique 15 March 2001
130  Dominica 10 May 2001
131  Uzbekistan 7 June 2001
132  Burkina Faso 22 June 2001
133  Kyrgyzstan 24 September 2001
134  East Timor 14 May 2003
135  Latvia 15 May 2003
136  Qatar 17 March 2004
137  Bahrain 22 September 2006
138  Kuwait 22 September 2006
139  Jordan 10 January 2007
140  Montenegro 24 May 2007
141  China 1 June 2007
142  Lebanon 24 August 2007
143  Uganda 29 August 2007
144  Yemen 4 September 2007
145  Republic of Congo 4 September 2007
146  Botswana 11 September 2007
147  Eswatini 24 September 2007
148  Burundi 28 September 2007
149  Guinea 1 October 2007
150  Oman 19 December 2007
—  State of Palestine 5 February 2008
151  San Marino 6 April 2009
152  United Arab Emirates 11 March 2010
153  Maldives 21 September 2010
154  Bhutan 21 March 2012
155  Fiji 2 August 2013
—  Kosovo 23 September 2013
156  Zambia 28 May 2014
157  Laos 28 September 2015
158  Monaco 22 October 2015
159  Saudi Arabia 7 December 2015
160  Vanuatu 28 September 2018
161  Bangladesh Unknown
162  Iran Unknown
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (frozen) Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Azerbaijan 15 January 1997
  • The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Costa Rica were established on January 15, 1997.
  • The Republic of Azerbaijan is accredited to the Republic of Costa Rica through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
 Belize 1981
 China

See China–Costa Rica relations

Costa Rica maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) instead of the People's Republic of China (commonly known as China) until June 1, 2007, when it opened relations with China. Taiwan then broke relations on June 7.

  • China has an embassy in San José.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Beijing.
 Cuba

Soon after Fidel Castro declared Cuba a socialist state, Costa Rican President Mario Echandi Jiménez ended diplomatic relations on 10 September 1961 with the island through Executive Decree Number 2, in compliance with sanctions placed on Cuba by the Organization of American States. In 1995, Costa Rica established a consular office in Havana. Cuba opened a consular office in Costa Rica in 2001. Forty-seven years after the initial freeze, Costa Rican President Óscar Arias Sánchez announced on 18 March 2009 that normal relations were to be re-established, saying, "If we have been able to turn the page with regimes as profoundly different to our reality as occurred with the USSR or, more recently, with the Republic of China, how would we not do it with a country that is geographically and culturally much nearer to Costa Rica?" Arias also announced that both countries would exchange ambassadors. The next day, Cuba's government announced that it agreed to re-establishing relations.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in San José.
 France
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in San José.
 Germany
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in San José.
 Guyana 17 April 1974
 India
  • India has honorary consulate in San José.
  • Costa Rica maintains an embassy in New Delhi.
 Israel

Costa Rica recognized Israel on June 19, 1948. The Embassy of Costa Rica was located in Tel Aviv until it moved to Jerusalem in 1982. As of 1984, Costa Rica and El Salvador were the only two countries that recognized Israel and also maintained an embassy in Jerusalem. In 2006, the Embassy of Costa Rica relocated to Tel Aviv; Costa Rican President Óscar Arias said the decision was intended to "rectify a historic error".

In December 2011, Rodrigo Carreras became the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel for the second time, after his posting there in the 1980s. Carreras' father, Benjamin Nunez, also served as the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has an embassy in San José.
 Italy See Costa Rica–Italy relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Rome.
  • Italy has an embassy in San José.
 Kosovo 23 September 2013

Costa Rica officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 17 February 2008. Costa Rica and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013.

 Mexico 1838 See Costa Rica–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in San José.
 Russia See Costa Rica–Russia relations

Holders of a Russian passport need a visa authorized by Costa Rica, or alternatively Costa Rican authorities will accept Russian nationals with a visa stamp for the European Union, Canada, US, South Korea, or Japan valid for 90 days after arrival; with a tourist visa, Russians can stay in Costa Rica for a maximum of 90 days. In order to get a tourist visa, the person needs to apply for it in the closest Costa Rican embassy to where the person is living. They must have a valid passport and either have an invitation letter or a bank statement with enough money to survive the length of the stay in Costa Rica, plus proof of onward travel (ticket to exit Costa Rica & legal ability to travel to the destination stated on the ticket). Holders of a Costa Rican passport also need a visa from Russian authorities.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in San José.
 Serbia 1952
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1952.
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.
 South Korea 15 August 1962

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Costa Rica began on 15 August 1962.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in San José.
 Spain 1850 See Costa Rica–Spain relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in San José.
 Turkey Jan. 15, 1898 See Costa Rica–Turkey relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in San José.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$100 million in 2019 (Costa Rican exports/imports: 41.8/58.9 million USD).
 United States See Costa Rica–United States relations

The United States is Costa Rica's most important trading partner. The U.S. accounts for almost half of Costa Rica's exports, imports, and tourism, and more than two-thirds of its foreign investment. The two countries share growing concerns for the environment and want to preserve Costa Rica's important tropical resources and prevent environmental degradation. In 2007, the United States reduced Costa Rica's debt in exchange for protection and conservation of Costa Rican forests through a debt for nature swap under the auspices of the Tropical Forest Conservation Act. This is the largest such agreement of its kind to date.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

 Uruguay See Costa Rica–Uruguay relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in San José.
 Zambia 28 May 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2014 when first Ambassador of Zambia to Costa Rica (resident in Washington) Mr. Palan Mulonda presented his credentials to President Luis Guillermo Solís.

See also

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